Technical Report 7 (translated)

2,5 DESCRIPTION OF THE ALTERNATIVES2.5.1 Alternative Nº 1 – Plant of Primary Treatment and Submarino13 Emissary (designpreliminary)a) Plant of Primary TreatmentThe treatment system consists of the following components:04 cameras of mechanical heavy grates (they are executed)01 Pumping stationSand removal by ventilation20 Clarificadores primaryAnaeróbica mud digestionDeshidratacionón of muds by centrifugesFacilities of solid manipulation01 submarine Emissary of 8 km in length, ø 3650 mmAlso, the alternative considers a building on watch, which will have two (2) sections.The first section of the building will include the following areas:• Area of great deposit• Tálleres• Baths with showersThe second section will have the following rooms:• Control room• Electrical room• Laboratory• Main entrance• Small area of deposit• Office of secretariat (ò floor)• Office of the manager (ò floor)• Conference hall (2 or floor)• Baths (2 or floor)Terrace (2 or floor)Mechanical gratesThe camera of grates has been executed like part of Works of the North Interceptor;including grates, perimetric wall, warehouse, offices, house of monitoring and services. Theseworks will not be including in the costs of investment of the present study.The description of the camera of grates appears in item 2.1.3, like part of works inexecution of “Interceptor Obra Norte”Pumping stationThe pumping station will be composed by 14 vertical pumps of turbine for solids,that specially they are designed to handle solids of the remainder water. Each oneof the 14 pumps it unloads frees independently and in two recolectores channels that13 Parsons Engineering Science International, INC., Feasibility study of Plant of Water TreatmentResidual and Emissary of North Lima (2000)PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO81they lead the residual water until the desarenadores with ventilation. The adjustment of the stationit will allow to retire each one of the pumps without disturbing the others.Seven of the fourteen pumps will be impelled by motors of constant speed stopsto handle the basic flow, and they will be supported by seven additional pumps with impellers ofvariable frequency (IFV). The level of the well flooded current under the grates, will stayconstant by means of the pumps of variable speed. Because the pumps unload ofindependent way, the IFV will be able to exactly control the level of the flooded well.Each pump will consume 310 Kw. with the operative flow of design of 2 m3/s and one speed of580 rpm. For the pumps controlled by IFV, the flow it will vary between 1 and 2 m3/s. To a rate ofinput stream of plant of 13 m3/s, for example, will be operating 5 pumps of speedconstant, giving each one 2 m3/s, and two pumps controlled by IFV, each onegiving 1,5 m3/s. When m3/s increased the flow to 14,2, it will enter operation onesixth pump of constant speed and each one of the pumps controlled by IFV will lower a2.1 m3/s. The Building of Control of Operations, located next to head works, will haveoffices for the plant personnel and will lodge the instrumentation and the facilities of controlfor the monitoreo of the operations of the plant.Sand removal by ventilationThe sand removal is essential to avoid the excessive solid accumulation inanaeróbicos digestores of muds. In addition, the aired desarenadores add oxygen toresidual water and helps to crowd together the fat and the oil. The cameras also will giveopportunity for the flocculation of the ferric chloride matrix and muds, in the process ofimproved primary clarification. Local information with respect to the amount of sand does not exist thatit must be expected in the plant; nevertheless, given to the sandy grounds of Lima and the state ofsystem of water-drainages, can be expected a high sand level.The desarenadores will be of rectangular plant, with a wide length and in relation from 5 to 1and a liquid level average of 6 ms. The bottom of the cameras will have a cross-sectional declivity stopsto facilitate the sand removal. Air by means of diffusers of heavy bubbles will be added,located to a depth of 5 ms under the level of the water, and placed throughout a walllateral it compares to the direction of the flow by the camera. This way, the air will inducemovement of spiral in the liquid, maintaining in suspension to the organic material butleaving the sands are based. The based sands will be swept towards the wall thatit provides the air.The based sands will be taken until a hopper in the end of unloading ofdesarenadores by means of longitudinal collectors of chain and vanes. The sands will besoon pumped outside the desarenadores with sand pumps type eddy and they will beemptied in hidrociclones. One hopes that the sand pulp contains less of 1% ofsolids. In order to pump 66 m3/d of sands two 41 would be required pumps operating to l/s. it will install one third pump like reserve. An inverse water flow to high pressure will beginautomatically before anyone of the sand pumps begins “descargar”sands of the lines of suction in each pump. Worm transporters will be used stopsto transfer sands of hidrociclón and washers until a hopper. The sands will unloadby gravity in trucks to take them to a filling.Clarificadores PrimaryThe functions of the primary clarificadores are to remove by gravity solidssuspended in the residual water, and to remove the cream (flotation equipment) that forms insurface of the tank. The surface loading and the time of hydraulic retention are the main onesdesign criteria, although also are taken into account the rates from load from garbage dump andspeed towards ahead by the clarificador. Other considerations are the provisions stopsPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO82to diminish short circuits caused by density currents, as well as provisions stopto reduce the high speeds in the zone of entrance.In this alternative one considers to use rectangular clarificadores to assure a useoptimal of the space available in the place. 28 clarificadores would settle altogether, arrangedin two 14 banks of each one. The dimensions of tank would be fixed according topractical limitations of the equipment of mud removal and cream, being the length overall ofgarbage dump in each clarificador of 36 ms approximately.The solid removal suspended total in the primary clarificadores is ofapproximately 50% according to the North American experience. With the addition ofchemical substances, could hope that the rate of removal increases to 75%approximately. According to information of North America, the volume of cream produced init plants will be in the order of the 6 tons/day, or approximately 7 m3/d, which is littlein comparison to the advance volume of primary mud (4500 m3/d for the clarificationprimary, and 6800 m3/d for the improved primary clarification). The cream will be removed usinggrooved revolving tubes.Collectors of vanes and chain will be used to take muds to the end of influente ofclarificadores. The return vanes will take the cream to the tubes grooved in the end ofexit of the clarificadores.Mud digestionThe anaeróbica mud digestion will be provided by a system of conventional digestion withgreat capacity that consists of primary and secondary digestores. Becauseimproved primary treatment will produce more muds than the standard primary treatment,digestion system will be determine the proportions for improved treatment. Muds and cream ofprimary clarificadores will be pumped directly to primary the anaeróbicos digestores.Valves of automatic sequence will settle to assure an even feedingprimary muds to each primary digestor.Muds of the primary digestores will flow by gravity to the secondary digestor, or will betransferred by pumping.Each digestor will be able to be warmed up and to be mixed. This provides flexibility to operate each digestorlike primary or secondary digestor. Two of the digestores will be equipped with coversfloating of retention of gas, and four they will have fixed covers.A kettle will settle to warm up in the starting digested muds and whenever the heatof the co-generation system it is not sufficient. Heat exchangers will be usedspecial to warm up muds. Muds will be pumped of the digestores, will happen throughcrushing machine, soon by the heat exchanger, and will return to the digestor.The temperature of operation adapted by means of a circuit of control will stay oftemperature. Hot water of the kettle or the recovery system of the heat will be used ofco-generation.Digested muds will be drained using centrifugal. At least three will be neededcentrifuges. One recommends four centrifuges to become position of the tips and ofmaintenance. Each pair of centrifuges will unload in a transporter of connected wormto a hopper of carguío of trucks. Pumps of progressive cavity will be used, one bycentrifuge, plus one “volante” of reserve, to take muds digested from the tank ofmud retention until the drained building of of solids. Polymer will be added inunloading of each pump. The tank of digested mud retention will give flexibility tooperations of digestores, and will assure a uniform rate feeding to the centrifuges.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO83Solid eliminationDrained muds will be carried to a filling. An extensive filling will be needed forcontinuous elimination of muds. The present plans of mud elimination are to take them intrucks until the filling of Zapallal, operated by the Municipality of Lima, approximatelyto 30 km of the site of the treatment plant. The mud transport will require approximately31 daily trips with dumps of 20-m3 of capacity.In view of the distance of transport and the time of unloading, a dump would have to completeroundtrip in approximately 85 minutes. Considering the time forperiods of rest of the driver, a dump would have to make 16 trips in 24 hours. they will need two six dumps and one quadrilles at least of choferes, with a dumpadditional available like reserve. The dumps will be loaded by gravity in the hoppers ofinstallation of solid manipulation of the plant. There is no sufficient space in the place forsignificant drained mud storage.The material catched in the grates and sands will be transported to the filling in 2 to 4 tripsnewspapers. Rolling metallic deposits will be used to receive the catched material. A depositmetallic plenty that raises the truck must be replaced by one emptiness in order that the gratescan work without interruptions. The originating sands of hidrociclones and units ofwashing, will be deposited in hoppers and they will be loaded by gravity in the trucks.The high arsenic levels in muds would prevent their use for application in the land.If the problem of arsenic can be controlled by means of a pre-cure program,mud use digested for rehabilitation of the land is very recommendable. This requiresadditional studies to determine if the pre-cure in industries selections, will lowerarsenic concentrations in muds at levels that are adapted for application inland.Ferric Chloride solutionFour pumps of metering of variable speed will be used to provide ferric chlorideafter the aired sand cameras. Supposing that in the site one settlesstorage of chemical substance for 10 days, 180 will be needed m3 capacity oftanks provided by three tanks, measuring each one 4 ms of diameter and 5 ms of stop. tanks will be located near head works, within a structure ofcontainment of concrete. The tanks will be provided with a manifold, but also they canto isolate for repair or cleaning. Devices will settle to feed ferric chloride aprimary muds that go to the digestores, of being necessary, in order to maintain sulfide ofhydrogen at an acceptable level for the equipment of generating motors.PolymerGreat polymer systems will be used of “Bolsa "to store dry polymer and to prepareand to feed solutions.Generating MotorsThe gas produced by the anaeróbica digestion will be used like fuel of the motorsgenerators. The gas production is based on the destruction of 45% of the volatile matter thatit enters to the digestores. The type of proposed generating motor is designed to workwith gas of digestor, and in the world many units of this type in operation exist. generating motors will settle in a building. Each generating motor will be equipped withrecovery system of heat for the water jacket and silencer (mofle) of the motor.Typically, in the motors operated with digestor gas cooling systems are usedby boiling.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO84The digestor gas will be cleaned to remove any rest of hydrogen sulfide. Laterit will be compressed and it stored in a gas sphere to high pressure. The storage of the gasit will be necessary to balance the generation with the use of the gas. The ferric chloride added oneto the efluente of the aired sand cameras, it will diminish the necessity of an additional washingof the gas. The gas of the container to high pressure will be regulated to lower it to the pressure ofoperation of the motors. The excess of digestor gas that is not used likefuel of the kettle or the generating motors, will be burned. It will be requiredwater softening for the operation of the kettle.Control of ScentsHumid chemical cleaners will settle, whom they use generally hidróxido of sodium(caustic soda water) and hipoclorito of sodium, to treat the maloliente air coming from the diverse onesprocesses of treatment before unloading it to the atmosphere. Systems will settle ofcleaning in the following points:Works of Head and Pumping station. Locking up these areas within a buildingit will contain the scents. The maloliente air will treat by means of humid chemical cleaners.Desarenadores. The aired channels of unloading and desarenadores will be covered stopsto contain the scents. A system of cleaning in the superior part of the cameras will settle ofaired sands.Clarificadores Primary. The primary clarificadores will be covered to contain the scents. they will install five humid chemical cleaners in each one of the clarification equipmentprimary. Four cleaners will deal with the maloliente air three primary clarificadores. Fifthhe will deal with the air two clarificadores. Conduits with floodgates will settle to allowretirement of a primary clarificador of the operation without affecting all the system of control of scents.Building of Solid Manipulation. The maloliente air of the building of solid manipulation andthe centrifuges will be eliminated by means of a humid chemical cleaner. Due to the content ofammonia of the maloliente air, the cleaner will use an acid solution with hipoclorito of sodium.b) Submarine EmissaryFor the final disposition of residual waters, the construction has seted out ofsubmarine emissary, which allows to facilitate the natural treatment of the average sailor,taking advantage of its capacity to assimilate and to transform the substances of the domestic efluente.In the average sailor a series of physical, chemical and biological phenomena is developed thatthey significantly reduce to the laid-down load and the bacterial load, typical substances ofunloadings, as in the case of Lima.The water of sea is hostile means and mortal it stops most of the pathogenic organisms andit has his defined biological system.Dilutions immediate initial minims of the order of 100 to 1 in consistent form are reachedduring the first minutes and to few meters of the unloading, which reduces the concentrationof organic matter and nutrients in fast and substantial form at levels that will not have effectsecological adverse to the sea. The pen follows the drift with the currents of the ocean and isscattered by the oceanic turbulence, which originates the transport of this and its dispersion inthe sea. Residuakes in the dilution area happens therefore the biological treatment of waters anddispersion due to the assimilative capacity of the sea.Another important process is the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms due to the loss of lifenatural and decay of bacteria. Diverse agents participate in this process: the salinity,temperature, the action of the solar light with ultraviolet radiation and the currents of the sea, thusas the presence of bactericidal substances.Next, some of the commentaries of international organisms are transcribed inrelation to the use of submarine emissaries in the final disposition of residual waters.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO85The Research center of Monitoreo and Evaluacio'n (MARC) King’s College College London,University of London and the World-wide Organization of the Health (the WHO) conceptúan:“La unloading of efluentes of residual waters to the sea by means of submarine emissaries andsystems of diffusers represent a viable alternative for the many centers populated withworld which they are located in coastal areas, particularly in the countries developing inthose that the financial resources are limited. Such systems, once designed, constructedand patients, can take advantage of to the maximum the innate capacity assimilation of the atmospheresailor, who works as a plant of treatment and disposition and, when they areplanned appropriately they will not produce any undesirable impact in such watersmarinas”14“La alternative of the submarine emissary with pre-cure is a disposition method moreattractive with relation to the secondary treatment with disposition near the coast, in termsof trustworthiness, efficiency, cost and of low requirements of operation and mantenimiento”“Existe result of monitoreo of emissaries working by more than 30 years with resultssatisfactorios”“El sea is able to assimilate, to dilute and until disinfecting in natural form the remaindersbiodegradable in optimal conditions of mixture, ventilation and sedimentación”The Company of Sanitary Services of Bio Bio (ESSBIO) of Chile affirms that:“Los levels of technical, economic and environmental efficiency shown (in its experiences)they allow to affirm that a submarine emissary designed good fulfills all requirements aeffective and true tratamiento”“El submarine emissary is, from the technical point of view, one of the solutions ofserved water disposition and treatment simpler, for that reason less put under faults,that it gives guarantees in the operation of sistema”.Submarine emissary ø 1200 mm, Vine of the Sea – V Region, Chile, 199614 Report Number of 43 MARC a Document of EIA. Evaluation of the Environmental Impact – Location and design ofsubmarine emissaries. Rusell G. Ludwig, 1988.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO86Criteria of design and desempeño15Life utilityAlthough many existing emitters originally were destined for a life of 50 yearson watch, on the base of the experience we considered that a life of 75 years on watchit is a reasonable expectation for a modern emitter, designed and constructed well. Byas much, the emitter system will be designed to provide a useful economic life of 75 years.DiffusersIn order to maximize the mixture of the efluente with great volumes of ambient water, a terminalof special pipe, commonly known like “difusor”, one settles typically to the end ofan emitter. The purpose of the diffusers is to disperse the efluente and to facilitate the mixed onelater. The diffuser is a manifold, closed in an end, and with holes speciallydesigned in all its length. The dimension of the holes varies typically stopsto compensate the changes of pressure, and to provide a uniform unloading throughout the diffuser.With an almost uniform pressure throughout the diffuser, almost equal flows are obtained byholes. The spurts that leave the holes create a turbulent plume, that risestowards the surface of the water under the combined effect of the flotation and the kinetic energy ofspurt. As the plume raises, it is mixed with the water of surrounding sea that isattracted towards plume and it dilutes the efluente.Initial DilutionLike the efluente that leaves the hole is less dense than the water of sea, it raisessurface and is mixed with the surrounding water. In many emitters, the efluente in factit never arrives at the surface, the salary mixed effectively with dense receiving waters anddeep, and to have reached a balance of density to an intermediate depth.The parameters that affect the initial dilution include the following ones, of which the sevenfirst they are under the control of the designer:• Number of holes of the diffuser and rate of flow of the diffusing unit• Diameter of holes• Separation of holes• Depth of the diffuser• Direction of the choros of the diffuser• Speed of spurts• Geometry of the diffuser, and its direction with respect to predominant the sea currents• Density of the mass of water in relation to Residual Waters• Variations in the density of the receiving water by the depth and the stationAs a rule, the designed diffusers affluent can obtain an initial minimum dilution of100:1. On the base of the made preliminary evaluation for the Study of Prefactibilidad,initial dilution average for unloadings of Residual Waters to the marine atmosphere by means ofemitter of 8 km, would be at least of 250:1.Hydraulic performanceThe emitters must be designed to work suitably with the minimum hydraulic pressureavailable to the entrance of the emitter, the Maxima is annoying predicted, and the density pressureassociated to the unloading of treated water-drainage – which has a density similar to the one of the watercandy – in the depth of the sea.15 With base in the Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter North Lima, Closing report. Parsons, 2000.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO87Frequently there is preoccupation with respect to the hydraulic performance of an emitter inconditions of extreme low flows, moment in which – unless measures are takenappropriate – some holes of the diffuser can be unloading efluente whereasothers are letting enter water from sea the diffuser. This situation, that is undesirable becausewater of sea can contain appreciable amounts of sediments and aquatic life, canto be avoided. If substantial increases of flow are expected during the life of an emitter,it is generally possible in the beginning to close some holes of the operation, to assureoperation adapted during the low flows.Other Considerations of DiseñoThe emitter must be designed to adjust to the following thing:• Anticipated seismic movements during the life utility, including the movementrelated to the displacement of faults, the liquefaction and the establishmentassociated differential, with the lateral distribution (movement costs down), establishmentof consolidation.• Transitory hydraulic variations• Requirements of internal and external pressure• Sustenation and induced drag by the waves, including the liquefaction induced bythe waves• Towing traction forces in the changes of direction and diameter• Corrosion in the marine atmosphereLocation of the EmitterThe emitter will be located in the Oquendo Beach, to the north of the Callao.Preliminar16 designThe emissary will consist of the following main elements:• Structure of joint• Pipe of the terrestrial emissary• Pipe of the submarine emissary• Structure of “Y” of the diffuser• DiffusersThe system of the emissary will be designed to provide a life utility with 75 years.Structure of JointA joint structure will settle immediately to the west of the treatment plant.The joint structure will be constructed of concrete armed drained in work, and will fulfillfollowing functions:Black Water harvesting without treating. All the black waters without treating will be collected inonly a point to lead them to works of head of the treatment plant.Harvesting of Treated Efluente. The treated efluente will be collected in a single point ofexit camera to lead it to the emissary.Access to the Emissary. The joint structure will provide means with access to the emissarysubmarine to facilitate inspection, maintenance, and repairs.Black Water deflection without treating. The joint structure will provide means to turn asidethe black waters without treating or partially treated to the beach, when the emissary must be16 Information based on the Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter of North Lima. Parsons, 2000.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO88retired of the service during emergencies. Two floodgates of hinge and one floodgate ofsluice will allow that the black waters without treating or partially treated are turned aside tobeach or to the emissary.In the structures of the joint hydrogen sulfide will be freed, where the mixture of flows ofthe three pipes create conditions of turbulence. For that reason, the inner walls and the ceiling ofleave this from the structure (which they receive black waters without treating), will be had with plates withEmbedded PVC to resist the corrosion of the surfaces of concrete.Pipe of the Terrestrial EmissaryThe terrestrial emissary, a conduit of 4,0 ms of diameter, will extend between the structure ofjoin and the border of the beach. In addition, a pipe of deviation will also be constructed ofemergency of 4,0 ms of diameter to be able to unload to the beach black waters without treating ortreated partially, when the submarine emissary must be retired of the service.Materials of pipeThe material preferred for the construction of the terrestrial emissary is the pipe of pressure ofconcrete reinforced. This material has a proven file of performance in pipes ofefluente of great diameter, and can make locally. For the construction of the emissaryterrestrial two types of pipe of pressure of concrete can be considered:Reinforced concrete pipe of without cylinder, made according to specifications ASTMC361/AWWA suitable C302 and for maximum pressures of work of up to 380 kPa.Reinforced concrete pipe of with cylinder, made according to specification AWWA C300. Inthis type of pipe, empty a steel cylinder and sweet steel bars in the wall of the tube,being able to resist pressures until of 1,7 MPa.The concrete pipe of prestressed with cylinder is a possible alternative. This pipe, thatit makes according to specification AWWA C301, is done with a steel cylinder thatit covers vertically with a centrifuged or drained nucleus of concrete. Later one becomes involved to himwith wire of high resistance that compresses the nucleus of concrete, and it is had to him with mortarof cement. It has been used in applications of high pressure (more than 2,75 MPa) and withdeep earth cover (but of 30 ms). Due to the problems of corrosion and tonecessities of relatively low pressure of this project, east type is not recommended ofpipe.MeetingsThe meetings of pipe for the terrestrial emissary will be standard, of extended bell, stopsreinforced pipe, equipped with double packing and tube of test that allows the testof pressure of the meeting. This will allow to immediately prove it after installed, still inconditions of I flood. The meeting of extended bell will not pay attention to the direction of the axis oftube.The meetings of pipe of the terrestrial emissary will have to support internal and external pressures, andto allow to the rotation and axial elongación of the meeting that could happen due to the establishment andseismic load. The geometry of the meeting will allow a greater deflection of 1 degree without flights. Ifthe establishment of the base of the pipe, either induced by earthquakes or another cause, producesgreater rotations of pipe of 1 degree, can be necessary to modify the meeting or to discardits use absolutely. For the pipe of pressure of concrete meetings will be selected thatallow the deflections required, according to establish the geotécnicas considerations.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO89Systems of Coating and CoveringIn the pipes of pressure of concrete that lead domestic water of remainder, it is possiblethat the concrete one is deteriorated in the crown of the tube, where the air bags can provideatmosphere adapted for the corrosive accumulation of hydrogen sulfide and conditionsresultants. In order to eliminate the potential of corrosion, all the tubes of pressure of concretethey will cover with PVC in the 90 superior degrees, in order that the corrosive gases that canto be accumulated in the tube they do not enter with contact with the concrete one.The water of sea contains chloride high ion levels, that can pass a slowlytraverse of the concrete covering of and arriving at the reinforcement steel. When arriving at the steel, it beginsa fast degradation. In order to delay this phenomenon as much as it is possible and to increaselife utility of the project, will cover the outer surface of the tube of concrete. coverings for the terrestrial emissary will combine several physical and chemical properties,including:Good dielectric resistance to prevent the electron flow through the covering.Resistance to the alkalinity.Good adhesion, which is function as much of the chemistry of the covering like ofpreparation of the surface.Low rates of humid steam transference and humidity adsorption. The adsorption ofhumidity increases the flow of current and the humidity transference provides more electrolytefor the chemical reactions of corrosion.In order to satisfy these requirements, the outer surface of the terrestrial emissary will be covered withepóxico tar.Pipe of the Submarine EmissaryMaterials of pipeThe tubes of concrete reinforced without cylinder (TCR) and the steel tubes are the favourites stopsto construct the Taboada emissary. The tubes of concrete are not recommended reinforced withcylinder. The alternating materials such as the reinforced plastic pipe with fiber glass(FRP) they have not been satisfactory in similar applications.The preliminary design will be based on TCR supported in gravel seat, except in zones ofpotential liquefaction, where long tubes (30 ms) of steel with covering will be used ofconcrete and cement mortar lining. The TCR make typically with ear meetingsand bell, in segments until of 7 ms, and offers the following advantages:The tubes can make locally.The heavy thickness of wall of the tubes provides durability and stability duringstorms.The tubes have a length and excellent file of use in marine emissaries.The international industry of marine construction has much experience installing thesetubes in marine emissaries.MeetingsThe meetings of tubes must resist the seismic efforts of construction and. They must be armedeasily under the water and to provide the necessary rigidity or flexibility according to is applicable. it assumes that all the meetings will be of the type of ear and bell with double packing.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO90The conventional meetings of TCR of great diameter are of the type of ear and bell, withdouble ring packing “O” placed in grooves of the ear. The doublepacking allows to make a pressure test to the meetings and also it provides a sealredundante. In order to verify the impermeability of the meetings, pressure between the ring is applied“O” by means of a small tube that goes to an outer connection in the pipe. The test ofpressure, conducted at the moment that arms each meeting, avoids the work of repaircorrective expensive and doubtful after the installation.Typically, the meetings of steel tubes can be of ear and bell similar toused with the TCR. The meetings of ear and bell allow the rotation by establishmentdifferential and adjustment of alignment during the installation. For the Emissary, they will settleconnectors of double bell and long steel tubes in the zones of liquefaction, stopto accommodate to the rotation of meeting associated to the possible establishment differential of up to 250 mm.The establishment induced differential seismic possible is given the geotécnica informationof the study of seismic reflection in the region between stations 2+400 and 3+944 of the emissary.A system of meeting restriction will settle, to limit the axial movement of the pipe ofsteel. In the connector of double bell, a conical one could be used concrete or meeting ofsteel Carnegie ring meeting.The steel tubes also can be united with bridles when the movement of the meeting isundesirable and continuity of the pipe rigidity is required. The steel bridles are expensiveand it is not probable that they are required in this project according to the concept of present design.