Technical Report 3 (translated)

Picture 2.9Levels of consumption by tariff in the zone of study (m3/mes/conexión)b) Quality of the water provided by the serviceThe water that is provided to the population of the 27 districts of the project, comes fromsuperficial waters treated in the plants of treatment Atarjea and Chillón, as well as ofthe underground well waters.The quality of the water provided to the population is guaranteed by SEDPAL, fulfillingwith the quality standards.Planta gives Water Treatment of SEDAPAL counts on the Fisicoquímico Laboratory,in which the analyses are made to guarantee the chemical quality of the water indifferent processes from treatment and to assure the final quality the potable water agreementto the established National Norms. Also the Laboratory involves programs ofmonitoreo throughout all the river basin of the Rímac river from km 109 of the highwayPower station.Also, the Fisicoquímico Laboratory counts on different Control programs ofQuality.Also the monitoreo of the Rímac river is made to diagnose the risk situationsof contamination to the water entrance of the source (Rímac river) to Plantas ofTreatment of the Culvert, with the objective to evaluate the Biological quality, Fisicoquímica andToxicológica of the river basin of the Rímac river and to alert to the pertinent authorities ondegree of contamination of the river basin.As far as the quality of underground waters, this one is monitoreada permanently,through monthly samples analyzed by the Underground Water Equipment andEvaluation of Quality, who verify the chemical and bacteriological parameters physicalof waters, determining its condition of apt for human consumption.c) Characteristic of residual watersIn the Closing report - Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter of North Lima, elaboratedby Parsons, they appear the results average of the quality of residual waters andthe program of measurement of volume of the 4 considered river basins most important.The average concentrations are average concentrations of flow.With respect to the characteristics of residual waters, picture 2.10 allows to knowquality of these in the 4 unloadings considered most important for the project.In general, the average of components of residual water concentration isconsistent with technical normal domestic residual water parameters, withexception of some metals.TOTAL TOTAL CM SM1 CM TOTAL SM1 CM TOTAL SM1 CM TOTAL SM1 CM SM145,58 87.74 49.38 100.39 93.20 99.58 108.76 59.76 98.02 421.18 93.97 377.60 510.92 162.78 432,8735,42 49.91 37.06 67.27 55.97 65.84 120.19 64.30 111.60 555.32 157.82 521.89 425.07 265.94 382,5629,55 30.97 29.86 63.24 51.25 61.46 164.54 70.37 151.12 471.77 114.08 423.09 621.22 109.59 320,1132,08 32.04 32.06 80.56 63.12 77.24 250.95 117.75 226.52 486.06 166.87 449.84 460.22 199.58 315,8524,27 25.97 24.76 69.37 40.74 60.71 220.81 65.81 171.68 398.47 83.15 297.45 176.65 24.93 43,3122,03 20.31 21.63 77.20 43.66 68.74 155.70 52.39 131.66 441.92 83.16 395.59 190.42 68.32 102,8719,84 23.63 21.28 73.83 37.57 59.13 235.22 71.67 180.16 306.22 124.43 244.59 161.66 20.27 30,8623,78 21.28 22.71 104.36 57.39 87.22 252.25 71.09 183.83 362.51 149.00 326.34 114.08 36.11 47,28Source: Equipment Commercial Management - SEDAPALCm = With measurement, SM = Without measurement, TOTAL = total Consumptions of the month/Not of total connections1) Corresponden to consumptions by allocation and/or average.Collector Not 6BocanegraCommas - ChillónArea of drainageNavyArgentinaCollector Not 19CentenerioCostaneroSOCIAL STATE INDUSTRIAL DOMESTIC SERVANT COMMERCIALPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO28The presence of metals could be explained by industrial unloadings eunderground water infiltrations. The metals found in residual watersthey are: arsenic, cadmium, zinc, receive, chromium, mercury, nickel, silver and lead, some ofas they represent greater levels of concentration than the established ones by the normsof quality of water for irrigation (maximum 0.1mg/l for lead and 0,25 mg/l for zinc).The residual waters are of medium quality; the heavy metal content,it finds generally within the standards of Lima, except in Coliformes total,fecales fecales, estreptococos, and fats and oils, as well as in DBO and DQO. concentrations of the main typical parameters are given in the following picture:Picture 2.10Constituent concentrations and Residual Water MetalsMain Unloadings ConcentrationParameters Units Commas Centennial Costanero Not 6 averageColiformes total MPN/100 mililiter 2,09 • 107 2,84 • 107 2,48 • 107 5,75 • 107 2,96 • 107Coliforms fecales MPN/100 mililiter 1,40 • 107 1,92 • 107 1,40 • 107 2,98 • 107 1,79 • 107Estreptococos fecales MPN/100 mililiter 1,12 • 107 5,54 • 107 8,06 • 107 1,82 • 107 3,49 • 107DBO mg/l 215 243 149 341 230DQO mg/l 714 815 655 981 781Fats and Oils mg/l 47 51 44 77 53Total nitrogen mg/l 45 50,2 38,4 54,2 46Ammonium N mg/l 37,4 37,2 31 43,2 37Organic N mg/l 9 17 4 12 10Nitritos mg/l 0,15 0,016 0,19 0,016 0.10Nitrates mg/l 7,4 0,3 1,46 0,38 2Total phosphorus mg/l 8 9,1 7,2 10,6 9Arsenic mg/l 0,154 0,096 0,018 0,044 0.075Cadmium mg/l 0,014 0,014 0,013 0,018 0.015Zinc mg/l 0,67 0,51 0,39 0,43 0.493Copper mg/l 0,45 0,12 0,05 0,13 0.172Total chromium mg/l 0,06 0,37 0,02 0,84 0.298Iron mg/l 1,4 2,47 1,44 2,11 1.865Manganesio mg/l 0,066 0,066 0,032 0,058 0.054Mercury mg/l 0,0005 0,0008 0,0007 0,0003 0.001Nickel mg/l 0,02 0,02 0,03 0,02 0.023Silver mg/l 0,03 0,03 0,018 0,033 0.027Lead mg/l 0,17 0,22 0,22 0,19 0.203Total alkalinity mg/l 261 257 220 286 253Total hardness mg/l 444 322 309 370 354Bicarbonates mg/l 261 257 220 286 253Chlorides mg/l 127 126 81 199 128Fluorides mg/l 0,16 0,16 0,15 0,15 0Sulphates mg/l 321 233 221 254 253Total solids mg/l 1.183 1.129 1.046 1.460 1,184Suspended solids mg/l 206 255 282 417 286Dissolved solids mg/l 977 874 763 1043 898Volatile solids mg/l 458 457 446 558 475Sedimentables solids Ml/1-h 4,3 4,6 4 8,1 5Soluble hydrocarbons mg/l 2,7 2,5 1 3,6 2Source: Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter of North Lima. Parsons, 1999 – 2000PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO29According to analyses made by the Equipment Evaluation of Quality of SEDAPAL, in Octoberof the 2004, the DBO concentrations have increased significantly, liketotal coliformes, had mainly to the increase of the population. In the Annexed Bit shows the document with which the Equipment Evaluation of Quality emits the results ofthe respective analyses.In picture 2.11 the results of the made analyses are the water-drainages ofthe main collectors of the Taboada subsystem.Picture 2.11Results of analysis of water-drainages of the main collectorsTaboada Subsystem, 2004Source: Equipment Evaluation of Quality – SEDAPAL, 2004Although probably the points of sampling of the work made by SEDPAL in the year2004 they have not been such that those of Parsons in 2000, could be asserted, thatthe laid-down load in the water-drainages has been increased, this is related directly tothe growth of the population and the consumption restricted in some zones, speciallyat the time of low water. The DBO, for example, was in average in 2000 of 230 mg/l,having itself elevated to more than 300 mg/l in 2004. Also, the total coliformesthey have been increased in the water-drainages of each one of the analyzed collectors.According to the first characterization of residual waters in each collectormade by Parsons (2000), we could say that according to the average concentrationof Total DBO and Coliformes, these water-drainages could be considered of concentrationAverage, according to the categorización Metcalf & Eddy, whereas in the second case, withSEDAPAL results (2004), the categorización would be of Average - High. To see Annexed C.d) Investigations of the quality of the water of seaAccording to the Feasibility study of PTAR and emitter of North Lima made byPARSONS, in the spring of 1996 and summer of 1997, took place an extensive study ofquality of the water of sea in front of Lima. Samples in 58 stations took shelter, wherethe depths of the water varied until the 65 ms. Altogether near 8000 samples ofwater of sea was gathered and analyzed. The following parameters were analyzed:Physical parametersTemperatureSalinityTransparencypHChemical Parameters:Dissolved oxygen (in the water column)Phosphates (in the water column)Sulphates (in the water column)Parameters Unit ofmeasurementHour 11:30 a.m.Costanero CollectorHour 12:25 a.m.Centennial CollectorHour 12:40 a.m.Collector CommasHour 1:00 p.m.CollectorBocanegraHour 2:35 p.m.Collector Not 6pH Without unit 7.83 7.59 7.62 7.96 7,67DBO mg/l 340 305 340 380 380Coliformes total NMP/100 mililiter 1.7 xs 108 1.1 xs 108 8 xs 107 1.7 xs 107 1.7 xs 108Coliformes termotolerantes NMP/100 mililiter 1.3 xs 108 3 xs 107 8 xs 106 2.7 xs 106 3 xs 107PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO30Hydrocarbons (in sediments)Heavy metals (in sediments)Biological Parameters:Coliformes totalColiformes fecalesSalmonelasVibrio RagePhytoplanktonZooplanctonThe study revealed the following conditions:The temperatures of the superficial water varied from 16,6 to 22,5 oC. The superficial salinityit fluctuated between 34,75 and 34,90 parts by thousand.The solids suspended in half of the Bay of Miraflores showed values of up to 34 mg/l.In comparison, the water of typical sea has a solid level suspended of near 20 mg/l.The transparency of the water was below the normal thing in all the coastal areas, withlower transparency of 0,3 m (according to obtained measurement using a Secchi disc) nearmain unloading points of the Chira and Comas. This condition affects seriouslyprimary production of phytoplankton and can have adverse consequences for the marine life ingeneral.The concentrations of Biochemical Demand of Oxi'geno (DBO), fluctuated between 1,7 and 1,9 mg/l,as he is higher than the water found thing typically of sea noncontaminated, and is indicative ofexternal income of organic matter of the water-drainage.The dissolved oxygen concentrations superficial fluctuated between 1,4 and 8,3 mg/l.Near the mouths of the rivers, as high values of pH were registered as 10,27,as he is hostile for the marine life.The superficial phosphate concentrations fluctuated between 0,53 and 11,8?g-at/l, whereasnitrate reached 6,55?g-at/l. Sulfur fluctuated between 0,27 and 22,8?g-at/l.The organic matter in sediments fluctuated between 1,38 and 14.4%.High levels of copper, lead and mercury through all the North portion were found ofstudy area, particularly in sediments. The copper was measured in levels of up to 230mg/kg, and the hydrocarbons reached up to 26,2 mg/kg of dry weight.Of particular interest they are the results of analysis of total and coliformes coliformesfecales in superficial waters front to Lima. The information, summarized in the PicturesC1 and C3 of the Annexed C, and illustrated in Figures 1,1 and 1,2, reveal that they wereparticularly high levels of coliformes next to the mouths of the Rímac River andin End the Chira.According to the obtained results, it can be observed that in many of the casesparameters exceed the Peruvian norms, as much in waters Class IV like class V.These norms appear in the Annexed C1PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO31Figure 1.1Space distribution of total coliformes in superficial waters of the Pacific Ocean duringthe Spring of 1996, expressed in MPN/100 mililiterPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO32Figure 1.2Space distribution of fecales coliformes in superficial waters of the Pacific Ocean duringthe Spring of 1996, expressed in MPN/100 mililiterPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO33e) Potable water coverThe potable water cover of the population in the area of influence of the project thatit counts on domiciliary connection is approximately 61.3%.In the zones where the population lacks the service of potable water throughdomiciliary connections, the supplying takes place generally by means of truckscistern which they distribute to the water to the houses, storing itself this one in deposits orcisterns located in frontis of property. Also, zones exist thatpublic embastecen through pylons.f) Cover of sewage systemThe cover of the sewage system, related to the population that counts on connectiondomiciliary, it includes/understands approximately to the 61,3% of the population of the 27 districts thatthey conform the project. The rest of the population corresponds to those without no serviceof sewage system or that uses sépticos latrines or tanks.g) Treatment and disposition of residual watersThe present system of sewage system of the area of influence of the project, has been designedin order to lead as much domestic residual waters as industrialists. Due totopography, most of residual waters is conducted by gravity, with exceptionof the low parts where pumping is required. The cover in water treatmentresidual she is null.The residual water system account with an area of total drainage of 22 hectares andapproximately an of great volume average of 10,4 m3/seg of waters residuales5 unloadswithout no type from treatment to the ocean and the Rímac river, as well as for irrigation ofcultures, in the agricultural zone San Agustín, adjacent to the Airport the International JorgeChávez.The primary collectors of the sewage system system who drain to the North of the City ofLima and Callao are the following ones: Costanero emitter (Costanero Collector and Navy),Emitter Commas (Collector Comas and Prol. Chillón), Emitter Nº 6 (Collector Av. Peru cdra 23,Av. 32 Peru cdra and Naval Aero Base), Centennial Emitter (Collector Moral Duárez,Argentina, Maranga and Ca'mara Unica) and Bocanegra Emitter. To see the Plane Nº 1 whereit shows the location of the present collectors.In Picture 2.13 one is to information on the emitters and the present disposition thatit corresponds to each one of them.Unloadings without treatment to the sea and the Rímac riverAt the moment, great part of the water-drainages generated in the North zone of Lima,they unload without no treatment in different points from beaches of the Bay of the Callaoand in the Rímac river, causing a permanent contamination in the coast. Also,Centennial collector works near his limit which originates problems of atoros inline.The collectors Commas, Costanero, Centenario and Bocanegra unload directly tosea without any type of treatment. Also, Collector Not 6 unloading directly inthe Rímac. river (to see photos 2,1 and 2,2).5 According to measurements made by the Equipment Harvesting and Final Disposition of SEDAPAL.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO34Derivation of water-drainages towards Agricultural ZonesAn illegal use of the water-drainages on the part of the agriculturists exists who occupy the partlater of the Airport the International Jorge Chávez, creating one of the vectors ofgreater contamination of the zone, in damage of the health of the population of Lima and Callao.Also, from the point of view of security, the aerial transport is affected bypresence of birds in the Airport the International of the Callao, the same ones that are attractedby the nutrients that are in the free unloading that it makes in the environs.Picture 2.12Area of Drainage, Lengths and Final Disposition of the Main onesPrimary collectors in the Area of Influence of the ProjectSource: Management of Production - Equipment harvesting and Final Disposition – SEDAPAL, May 2006The unloading of the collectors in the cliff produces erosions that make be in dangerhouses located in the Av. Costanera. Although a new one has been constructed alreadysystem from unloading to the sea, located 300 ms towards the Callao, this one does not work by oppositionof the settlers, afraid of which the bad scents affect them.Photo 2.1Unloading of the Collector Nº 6 to the Rimac RiverNOTE: IT IS OBSERVED CHILDREN BATHING IN WATERSRESIDUAL WITHOUT MEASURING RISKSEMITTING disposition Type of Disposition Length (km)Projected End Present Treatment 2005COMMAS No Sea - Callao 89,730COSTANERO No Sea - San Miguel 79,185Nº 6/1 No Rímac River/channel of irrigated land 62,870CENTENARY No Sea - Callao 87,686BOCANEGRA No Sea - Callao 5,042CONDEVILLA (*) No River Rímac 9,443* Incluído in the area of drainage of the Nº6 emitterINTERCEPTORNORTHPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO35At the moment, for this susbsistema, one comes executing the “Interceptor work Norte” thatas its name indicates it intercepts the Costanero collectors, Argentina, N° 19, N° 06and Bocanegra to lead its water-drainages towards the future plant of treatment located inthe ex- ones I found Taboada, and thus to avoid the contamination of the medio.ambiente andconsequences that this implies on the human health and the natural surroundings.The water-drainages of the collector Commas will be joined in the camera of union located beforepresent unloading of the collector Commas and will be turned aside towards the plant of Taboada. Forcase of the Centennial collector, the water-drainages will be taken towards a future station ofdenominated pumping Sarita Colony that will be located near the present unloading pointof this collector, later to be impelled until the treatment plantTaboada water-drainages.h) Effects of residual waters in the receiving bodyEffects on the human healthThe human contact with residual waters not treated as in the case in the CoastSailor mainly of the Callao can be in diseases such asgastroenteritis, rage, tuberculosis and others enfermedades6. The causes of thesepathogenic diseases include the bacterium or virus whose presence is detected fromthe indicators such as the bacterium commonly found in the intestinal region ofmammals such as the fecales coliformes, fecales Escherichia coli, estreptococos,bacteriophage, Giardia lamblia, and intestinal eggs of Escherichia coli, estreptococosfecales, bacteriophage, Giardia lamblia, and intestinal eggs of helmintos.The problem of the contamination of the Peruvian sea has been matter of study and someinvestigations. In an article of the Caretas7 magazine, “el sea of the Callao is, of distant spot,more contaminated of the Peruvian Coast, due to the drainage of the collectors Commas,Centenary and San Agustín. According to the Institute of the Sea of Peru (IMARPE) in its watersheavy amount of fecales coliformes, metals, oils and hydrocarbons of petroleumthey surpass the limits established by the General Water Law. On the matter, the present onedirector of Oceanography of the IMARPE, Ing. Guadalupe Sanchez, notices that betweencenter and the north of the bay, has registered anoxia or low levels of oxygen, which isdiminished the temperature in that zone with relation to the rest of the bay, affectingseriously the ecosystem marino”. The same article indicates that the limits of the district “enof the Per it with San Miguel, to the height of the Military School Leoncio Prado, the collectorCostanero appears in the low part of the inhospitable cliff and expels to the beach a spurtfrothy. Also, it informs that this nauseous place is visited by fishermenartisan, therefore, some of the fish that arrive at the table from the Limeans, are hadfed with proteins on the coliformes fecales”.Of another side, in 1995, the OPS/CEPIS publishes the study “Impacto of the Atmosphere in the Healthof the Population Involved in the Treatment and Use of Residual Waters in Lima andCallao”. It must like objective identify the environmental risks and the effects in the health ofthe people involved in the use and handling of residual waters in Lima and Callao.With regard to the agricultural zone of San Agustín, the Environmental Evaluation foundthe following results: The bacteriological quality of the irrigation water presents/displays a stopnumber of fecales and total coliformes 1,6x108, 3,8x108, respectively; it existspresence of Salmonella, also presents/displays a high concentration of parasites.As far as the bacteriological and parasitológica quality of the cultures, the fecales coliformesthey exceed the maximum limit of less than three units stipulated by the normsnationals; the amount of parasites in products exceeds the quality demanded byconsumption norms. In general, one concludes that no evaluated vegetable must beconsidered apt for the consumption.6 Project of Handling of Residual Waters of Lima Metropolitan: Norms of Environmental Quality, by Parsons, Julio19967 Magazine Masks “Las Cataracts of Lima: Veraneantes and marine habitat in danger. It is urgent to stop the contaminationcaused by the eight collectors in charge to spill the water-drainages from Lima to mar”. Lima, 25 of January of 2001PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO36Hidrobiológicos effects on the medio.ambiente and resourcesThe pouring of residual waters without treatment has lead to the physical deterioration andecological of the marine coast that has a considerable importance within the development ofmany human and economic activities such as recreational activities and ofecoturismo, the acuicultura, and fishes artisan or commercial.In the Peruvian Sea two main ecological dominions exist: pelago and the bentos. bentos are the part that is on the bottom of the seas, there exist diverseorganisms that depend on him to introduce themselves, to pay attention, to walk or nothing on him andmainly to find its food. Pelago is constituted by all the beingsliving of the free water where they float and they swim. The pouring of residual waters withouttreatment affects of negative way the ecological resources.The contamination of the marine coast deteriorates the alive resources, increases the risk stopsthe human health and such are an obstacle for the development of the marine activitiesas the fishing and the recreation. Also the contamination destroys the coastal bottoms ofreproduction and along with the excessive fishing reduces to many species comerciales8.Area of recreationThe Direction of Environmental Health of the Ministry of Health comes analyzedpermanently the levels of contamination of the Peruvian sea. Thus, for the period1997-2001, are reported that the levels of contamination of some beaches of the scope ofproject (Beaches: Marquess, Oquendo, Acapulco, Carpayo 1, Carpayo 2, Brave Sea -Per it, San Judas Tadeo and Marbella) they present/display important signs of contamination ofits waters, being described like very bad (over 4000 coliformesfecales/100ml), with the consequent danger for the human health. Of the information ofannexed it is deduced that in Lima Metropolitan, a 8% of beaches present/display a qualityvery bad, a bad 18% (over 1000 to 4000 coliformes fecales/100ml) and 45%to regulate (over 500 to 1000 coliformes fecales/100ml).Devaluation of the estatesAccording to study PROMAR9, the unloading of residual waters without treatment it hitsof negative way in the value of the estates located until at least 300 meters ofthe coast and throughout the affected coast. This devaluation is from the impactsnegatives discussed previously on beaches, the natural resources of the sea, andhuman health. Consequently, the economic use of the estates lowers or it is reducedcompletely and therefore they devalue.The estates can be used by commercial aims (i), such as businesses forpeople who frequent beaches, (ii) productive, such as the fishing, (iii) tourist, suchlike the hotels and restaurants and other businesses oriented to the tourists, (IV)residential, for house, (v) public, like maintenances and areas of recreation forpeople who frequent the area. As the contamination of the coast limits or paralyzescompletely the activities, the value of the estates diminuye drastically due toreduction of its economic use.i) Effects of residual waters in the irrigation of agricultural zonesThe watered agricultural products with residual waters without treatment see affectedsignificantly its sanitary quality, with the consequent danger of contamination ofpopulation by the consumption of these products, mainly if they are consumed crude and withlittle hygiene.8 Project of Handling of Residual Waters of Lima metropolitan: Norms of Environmental Quality, by Parsons, Julio19969 Study of Environmental Impact of the PROMAR, by Nippon, Joseguido Sekkei-Parsons, March of 1998PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO37The OPS/CEPIS/IDRC (1990) “Evaluación of Risks for the Health by Uso de Aguasresidual in the Agricultura”, it investigated microbiological and toxicológicos aspects of reusoof residual waters in four zones of study: Cieneguilla, San Juan de Miraflores, SanMartín de Porres and San Agustín. In these zones samples for the respective ones were takenanalysis. The different vegetal products, in their great majority vegetables, were classifiedin agreement with the position of the eatable part in: under earth, earth flower and high stem.The bacteriological results of this investigation showed that the products thatthey grow to earth flower, more were contaminated with fecales coliformes, becausemicrobial density is greater in the surface and diminishes with the depth of the Earth.They follow the vegetables to him that grow under earth and finally, those of high stem, that they receivesolar radiation. The differences in the bacterial population density between productsirrigated with different type from water, it was demonstrated in the smaller sanitary quality thanthey presented/displayed originating vegetables of the zone of San Martín de Porres and the Callao.San Agustín sp. presented/displayed the greater percentage of presence of Salmonella was registered91.1% of samples contaminated by protozoarios and helmintos of sanitary interest invegetables irrigated with crude residual waters, whereas the irrigated ones with waterstreated (lagoons of San Juan) they reported 31.1%. in addition, was verified that of allanalyzed species, the lettuce irrigated with crude waters presents/displays the highest rate ofparasitic contamination (100% of the samples), in contrast to reported 50% withtreated water irrigation. Also it was observed that of the three zones, San Agustín reportedthe greater percentage of parasitic contamination in vegetables.In 1996 the OPS/CEPIS/IDRC published “Estudio of the Atmosphere in the Health of the PopulationInvolved in the treatment and residual water use in Lima and Callao” for whichthey selected three areas of study: the lagoons of stabilization of San Juan ofMiraflores, the agricultural zone of San Juan de Miraflores (bordering to the lagoons) and the areaagriculturist of San Agustín. The study had like objective to identify the environmental risks andthe effects in the health of the people involved in the use and handling of watersresidual of Lima and Callao. The smaller sanitary quality of products was confirmedoriginating of San Agustín in relation to the irrigated ones with treated residual watersin the plant of San Juan. The medical clinical result determined rates average ofaffectation to the health in parasitism (15.1%), diarreas (9.5%), hepatitis (8.7%), tifoidea(18.7%) and rage (6.8%) substantially greater in San Agustín for the two decadesanalyzed (1978 – 1987 and 1986 – 1996). concluded in addition that the manipulation ofresidual waters, the nonpotable water consumption and the inadequate disposition of you excretethey are the main factors involved in the pathological and indicating antecedentsepidemiologists of the studied population.Source: Study of Viability of San Agustín, Peru. CEPIS, 2002.2.1.3 Infrastructurea) Components of the potable water systemSources of supplyThe water that is provided to the population of the 27 districts of the project, comes fromsuperficial waters treated in the plants of treatment Atarjea and Chillón, as well as ofthe underground well waters.Plant of water treatment the CulvertThe water source for its processing in Planta of the Culvert isthe Rímac river.The main affluents of the Rímac river throughout the year, are the rivers Blanco and Aruri bythe left margin, the waters of the Graton Tunnel and the river Santa Eulalia by the marginPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO38right. Also at times of avenue the broken Jicamarca (right margin) andbroken Appearance (left margin) they contribute in the increase of the volume of the Rímac river.The pick up of waters of the Rímac river is made through a system of: 01 BarrageMoving body and 02 Bocatomas, in which they conduct the operation of roughdressing, that consists ofpresent elimination of shrubs and diverse materials in the water those that are retainedin the grids by where the water for its treatment enters.The Bocatomas m.s.n.m is to 265.21.The movable barrage consists of 5 sliding floodgates that move on rollers of 9.15m. of high length by 2.74m of each one. This infrastructure was constructed between the years1965 and 1967.The capacity of pick up of Bocatoma 1 is not of 15 m3/s and the pick up capacityof Bocatoma 2 m3/s is not of 20The Bocatoma Not 1fue constructed between years 1965 and 1967, whereas the Bocatoma2 were not constructed between years 1993 and 1994.Plant of treatment Chillón waterPlanta de Tratamiento “Chillón” it is part of the system Optimal “Aprovechamiento ofSuperficial and Underground waters of the Chillón” River;, also denominated ProjectChillón, which was constructed, and at the moment operated by Consorcio AGUA AZUL S.A.,under system BOT, according to the Contract of Concession subscribed with the Ministry ofPresidency, today Ministry of House, Construction and Cleaning, in its quality ofConcedente.The period of the Concession is of 25 years and has the commitment to provide 1 m3/s intime of low water of the river Chillón and 2 m3/s at time of avenues.The water produced by the Concessionaire, is sold in block to SEDAPAL to a tariffdefined proposal and in its economic supply with which it was winning in the process fromselection. This water later is distributed by SEDAPAL to the users of the conenorth.The plant is located in the Punchauca sector, district of Carabayllo, province anddepartment of Lima (height of km 27 of wagon Lima to Sings)Underground WatersIn the 24 districts that comprise of the project it distributes to a total of 8’675,305 m3 ofpotable water to the month. It is counted on 152 wells in operation, 14 in repair, 38in reserve and 51 wells that correspond to conjuntivo use. The complete information onvolumes, number of hours of pumping, etc. D1 Picture is in Annexed the D -.System of primary DistributionThe city of Lima is supplied by means of first pipes with diameters between 72” and14”, it includes/understands the Return of the System of Distribution which implies the separationof the system in isolated zones denominated Sectors within which it canto control the level of the service to the user through the regulation of the entrance volume andlevel of the pressures by means of system SCADA, according to pre-established plans of operation,or at level of sector or sectors that conform a district.The System of Primary Distribution, counts on 5 main main lines thatthey when coming out initiate of Planta the Culvert:PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO39- First Culvert – Commas, complemented with Planta de Tratamiento Chillón.- First Culvert – Villa El Salvador- First Culvert – Center- First Culvert – The Menacho- First Culvert – The MolinaFirst Culvert – Commas:The Line of First conduction Culvert – Commas supply to the districts of the North zoneof Lima: Independence, the Olive trees, leaves from the district of Commas, Rímac, San Martín ofClubs and Bridge Stone, complemented with waters originating of Planta ofChillón Treatment. This matrix begins in Planta de Tratamiento the Culvert (PlantN° 2) located in the district the Agustino and arrives until the Camera of Rebombeo CR-115 inthe district of Commas, with a length overall of 22 km and with intermediate diameters between64” and 24”; the line is of Prestressed Ductile and Concrete Iron, leading at the momentapproximated volume of 5 m3/s in its section of 64”.It has a storage unit, reservorio R5 of 50.000 m3 of capacity, thatit supplies to the indicated matrix exclusively.It gives service to the matrix of Rímac reinforcement that begins in the crossing of the AvenuesPalace and Tarapacá until the crossing of the Habich Avenue and the Pan-American North, with oneinterconnection to the line Commas in the corner of the avenues Habich and Tupac Amaru; toend of this matrix is branched off in two great lines:Matrix The Olive trees: that it supplies to the 86 sectors of the 79 to corresponding to the districtsof the Olive trees and part of San Martín de Porres and to the corresponding sectors inFirst Takings Valley.Habich-Callao Matrix: that it supplies to part of San Martín de Porres and reservorioPark the International, as well as directly to the sectors of high pressure (100,101, 102 and 103), and to the First line Culvert – Center, waters under the ERP Argentina.From the beginning of theAtarjea-Comas line to Station CR-115 they existmain being but important derivations the derivation of Zarate – SongGreat 36” that it supplies to the district of San Juan de Lurigancho and the Habich derivation 36”that it supplies to the district of San Martín de Porres. The 90 pressures vary from 110 to mcain the sections of Habich – Commas for a normal supplying towards the zonessupplied by the other derivations. This system distributes by gravity to severalsupported reservorios from 750 to 1600 m3, in the 10 remaining derivations (8” to 12”) tolength of the Habich section – Commas. In this passage the zones of Urb. Palao are supplied,Engineering, Tahuantinsuyo, Independence, etc., in addition to several EstablishmentsYoung humans and Towns.The supplying to the North zone is complemented, from year 2002, with watersof Planta de Tratamiento Chillón (administered by the partnership Blue Water undercontract BOOT), that in one 1° Stage supplies by means of a well battery to the MatrixChillón – Commas, benefitting directly to the districts of Carabayllo and Comas,holding a concealed knife to the existing matrix (Habich - Commas) to the height of the CR-115. 2° Stageit supplies to the districts of Bridge Stone, Cove and Santa Rosa.First Culvert – Villa El Salvador:The line of First conduction Culvert – Villa El Salvador supplies to the districts ofSouth zone of Lima. Part of Planta de Tratamiento the Culvert (Plant 2) located indistrict the Agustino and arrives until Villa El Salvador with intermediate diameters between 72” and24”; it has an approximated length of 20 km, is of concrete prestressed and it leadsat the moment an approximated volume of 5 m3/seg. in its initial section of 72”.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO40Throughout the old matrix 4 valves of main line exist, San Francisco of56”, Race course of 40”, Spring of 42” and Próceres of 36” respectively.A derivation to the height of the Av exists. The Quechuas (district of Ties) where beginsCanada Matrix – San Luis who supplies to the sectors included/understood partly of Ties, SanBorja, San Luis, part of Surco and Surquillo. This Matrix feeds the reservorios Heroesof La Paz (30.000 m3 which supplies to the districts of Barranco and Chorrillos as well) andSan Borja (15.000 m3 which supplies to part of Miraflores), also feeds the lineFirst Average Furrow supplying to the sectors included/understood in the district of Santiagoof Furrow.A line of reinforcement exists that leaves from a joint for the height of the Ford/Vía streetEvitamiento (district of Ties) and follows compares to the Old Line until the height of the bridgeSpring, line of ductile iron with diameters between 72” and 64” without derivations; to the heightof the bridge Spring (street Cristóbal de Peralta) it is interconnected by means of a valve of36” to the Old and simultaneously continuous Line the following section of the First Culvert – YOU SEE 2°Ductile iron stage with diameters that vary between 64” and 36” that it supplies by means ofderivations to the following reservorios: RÅ, R3 (Pamplona), R2000, R10A, R10C, RTN,R9, CR9 and to reservorio the Tablada (16.000 m3) that supplies to the sectors of the district ofVilla El Salvador.From the beginning of the Old Line to the Próceres Station 10 derivations existmain being but important the derivation of Spring 24” that it supplies asome sectors of Santiago de Surco, part of San Borja and Surquillo with a volumeapproximated of 1,05 m3/s. The pressure for a normal supplying for this line is of28 mca.The volume of arrival to the Station Próceres (km 12 old the Pan-American South, Urb.Amauta in San Juan de Miraflores) is of 0,60 m3/seg.. The pressure of arrival toPróceres station with which Sector can be supplied by gravity reservorio R7C (303) and to 135 Jet 6 psi is of.First Culvert – CenterThe First Culvert – Center and the four reservorios of Vicentelo give service to the districtslocated between the right margin of the Rímac River, the Pacifico Ocean and the HighwayThe Pan-American South operates by means of the Reducing Stations of Presio'n (ERP) andline valves, most of this zone is provided by means of three main onesERP: Quilca, Fomento and Mexico, which from the culmination of the implementationof the Sectors they work in a same permanently which had pressure that the controlof pressure it is made directly in each sector.The supplying waters under the ERP’s this dice by the sectors, whichthey work automatically according to slogan of hour pressure assuringoptimal supplying the 24 hours of the day.Some ERP’s is operated and evaluated manually by inspectors of cameras inthree turns to the day, maintaining the pressures of exit between 15 and 20 mca. to givenormal supplying.First Culvert – The MenachoThis network supplies to the zone of High Districts and Lima Old by means of sectors 7, 8 and9A, and by means of pumping to reservorio Tayacaja which feeds sector 78; the pipesof concrete they are reinforced and fused iron, 40”, 30”, 24”, 18”, 14” of diameter. supplying in the zone is permanent depending on the volume of storageof reservorio the Menacho.First Culvert – The MolinaThis network has as source to the efluente of Planta no. 2 and supplies directly todistrict of the Molina. The line begins in the denominated breech chamber Station UFOPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO41and of it is pumped there by means of a pipe of 40” of diameter of fused iron ductiletowards reservorio the Molina (3.000 m3). The supplying to the zone of the Molinait makes through a line of 36” of concrete prestressed with an of great volume average of960 l/s.System of secondary distributionThe secondary system of distribution in the area of influence of the project consists ofpotable water pipes between which those of Asbestos predominate cement, followed bythose of PVC, whereas those of fused iron and galvanized iron they are in minorpercentage.The water supply is made from superficial and underground sources, atraverse of the regulation of supported and elevated reservorios, cameras of pumping,reducing stations of pressure and other components used for a suitable onesupplying to the population.