Technical Report 6

SEDAPAL STRUCTURE TARIFARIAA. - By Service of Potable Water and Sewage system1. - FIXED POSITIONBasic pension S/./month 3.8422. - POSITION BY VOLUMEB. - By the Service of Sewage systemData of invoicing and consumption by connection according to categoriesDistrital Group Province/DistrictsIProv. Lima: Precipice, Scrub, Surrounded of Lima,Chorrillos, Cieneguilla, Jesus Maria, The Molina,Victory, Lynx, the Olive trees, Magdalena of the Sea, Miraflores,Free Town, Rímac, San Borja, San Isidro, San Luis, SanMiguel, Santiago de Surco, and Surquillo.Prov. Callao: Bellavista, Callao, the Per it and the End.IIProv. Lima: Cove, Ties, Carabayllo, Commas, Chaclacayo,The Agustino, Independence, Lurigancho, Lurín,Pachacámac, Bridge Stone, Pucusana, San Martín ofClubs, San Juan de Lurigancho, San Juan de Miraflores,Santa Anita, Old Furrow, Villa Maria of the Triumph, VillaSalvador and Santa Rosa.Prov. Callao: Carmen of the Legua and Ventanilla.The Allocation of Consumption for the domestic users who do not have provisionnewspaper, will determine of proportional way to the number of hours and days per month ofprovision; taking in all the cases, as it bases the allocations of consumptiondefined for the Group Distrital II, of the annexed present.CLASS OFCATEGORIARANKSm3/mesTARIFFS/./m3RESIDENTIAL- Social 0 to more 1.060- Domestic 0 - 20 1.06020 - 30 1.40330 - 50 2.16350 - 80 2.16380 to more 3.240NONCRESIDENTIAL- Commercial 0 to more 4.270- Industrialist 0 to more 4.270- State 0 to more 2.163S/./m32.493EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE SEWAGE SYSTEM(Only to users with own water source)PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO68c) Financial Management (Indicating of Financial Situation of the organization)Financial Indicators1. The liquidity position shows a capital of negative work of S/. 201.8million, and a ratio of 0,56 minor to one, which indicates that the company noit would be in capacity to cover his obligations in the short term.2. The rotation of cobranza reflects an average of 80 days, minor in five dayswith relation to the month of April of 2005. The collection (cobranza) of the month ofApril of 2006 promotes to S/. 71,6 million, greater in S/.3.1 million withrelation to the month of April of 2005, according to source of intelligence of the Systemcommercial OPEN – REPS.3. The solution index is of 0,48, which indicates that the debts of short andlong term represents 48% of the value of the patrimony of the company.4. The indebtedness index is of 0,32, which reflects that the debts ofshort and long term represents 32% of the total of the assets ofcompany. To see Picture of Main Financial Indicators - Annexed E3.d) Administrative ManagementOrganizationSEDAPAL has a defined organization, expressed in an effective organizational chartfrom the 22 of 1999 July. This organizational chart, considers a Directory, likeorgan of greater level, on which the Equipment of Internal Audit depends andGeneral Management. On this last one, they depend as well, like support organs:RESIDENTIAL USERSOf 7 h. To 24 h. Of 4 h. to 6 h. Up to 3 h.m3/m is m3/m is m3/m isDomesticI 30 25 17II 21 18 15Social 12 7 4RESIDENTIAL USERSOf 7 h. To 24 h. Of 4 h. to 6 h. Up to 3 h.m3/m is m3/m is m3/m isCommercial,Industrialist andState18 15 10CategoriaHOURS OF SUPPLYINGCategoria GroupDistritalHOURS OF SUPPLYINGIN M 3/MES BY USE UNITTABLE OF ALLOCATIONS OF CONSUMPTION PER HOURS OFDAILY SUPPLYING And ACCORDING TO GROUP DISTRITALPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO69the Management of Human Resources, the Management of Finances and the Management ofLogistic and Services; like consultant's office organs: the Management of Development eInvestigation, the Management of Projects and Works and the Commercial Management andfinally like line organs: the Management of Production, the Managements ofNorth services, Center and the South.The organizational chart of SEDAPAL like organization responsible for the administration andmanagement of the services of potable water and sewage system approved withResolution of General Management No. 505-2006-GG, is in the following onegraph:Graph 2.1Organizational chart of the Organization In charge of the ProjectHuman ResourcesThe number of workers in SEDAPAL to the date is of 2.173 of which 87they are civil employees, 1399 are used (469 professionals and 930 technicians) and 687workers. Category VII Technicians, is the one that presents/displays the greater number ofworkers with 734. To see E4 Picture “Distribución of Active Workers byGroups Ocupacionales and Categorías” - Annexed E.Remunerativo LevelThe monthly remuneration mediates presented/displayed by the Equipment ofremunerations compensations and benefits in categories V, I SAW and VII are of3,692.48, 2.327,01 and 1.882,81 respectively. To see Wage E5 Picture “Escalaby Population and Salario” - Annexed E.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO70QualificationIn the Company in the fourth Trimester of the 2005 we have 1.276 (59%)workers described like very good and 589 (27.3%) workersdescribed like good as 2.161 workers registered within the process ofinternal qualification. To see following picture:Picture 2.38Qualification of workers according to its performanceIV trimester 2005IV Trimester 2005 Not of workers %Substitute 291 13.5Very Good 1.276 59.0Good 589 27.3To regulate 4 0.2Unsatisfactory 1 0Total 2.161 100.0Source: Management of Human Resources - SEDAPAL2.1.5 Other characteristics of the intervention areaNext some important characteristics of the area will be described where it will be locatedPlanta de Tratamiento de Residual Aguas Taboada.a) Topografía10The elevations of the land where the PTAR Taboada will be constructed fluctuate between 3 mson the level of the sea in the wall the west of the perimeter, until almost 7 m.s.n.m. in the east.b) Hidrogeología11The Taboada beach is located in a layer the sandy slime and organic matter of 0,90 mfollowed by a layer of 0,90 1,80 ms of the material argillaceous slime and organic matter,1.80 to 2,40 ms of conglomerate of song rolled in muddy matrix, 2,40 ms to more ofsongs rollings of heavy size to fine, with sand content.The phreatic level, has been moderate to 1 meter of the surface of the land and in the months ofMaxima recharges of napa, of February to May (maximum unloadings of the Rímac river),phreatic level increases in order of 0.50m.c) geotécnicas Investigations towards the EarthAccording to it is mentioned in the Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter North Lima, MoriyaConsultants lead a geotécnica investigation in the land of the project. more significant conclusions of this investigation are the following ones:10 Feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter Files North. Parsons, 200011 Closing report Technical File Intercepting North. Partnership Collectors of the Callao, 2004PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO71The land proposed for the plant of located treatment this in an alluvial area, inspace in the interval between the rivers Chillón and Rímac. Due to the origin of the formation ofearth, the grounds are typically heterogenous.The proposed land is located in a zone of seismic activity, with a history ofaccelerations until of 0,25 g. For design intentions it is recommended to use an accelerationof 0,50 g.The grounds vary between clays of low plasticity, the slime without plasticity, muddy sands andclean sands, until gravel badly graduated. The predominant materials in the ground ofland is granular and sandy.Was not underground water in 3 ms of depth of excavation.The lateral earth pressures for the design must be calculated using the following onesparameters:The coefficient of active pressure of earth, Ka, is equal to 0.45.The coefficient of earth pressure in the rest, Ko, is equal to 0.55.The passive coefficient of lateral pressure in the rest, Kp, is equal to 1.80.The permissible lifting capacity for structures with a continuous laying of foundations of 2 ms underlevel of the land will be of approximately 1,80 kg/cm2. For structures with 2 ms ofdepth of laying of foundations, the permissible lifting capacity is of 2,50 kg/cm2. considered establishment using these parameters will be within the permissible limits.Given the proximity to the ocean of the proposed land, the concrete one must be suitablyprote'ge' against aggressive grounds.The estratográficos profiles in the land indicate significant variations. It will be required ofadditional studies in the land to define the characteristics, variability, and depth offine, compressible grounds and to establish with greater certainty the lifting capacitiespermissible.In the Feasibility study of Parsons, they recommend the necessity to make investigationsadditional to obtain a complete understanding of local geology. Also, they indicatethat from a geologic perspective, the land is adapted for the construction of oneinstallation for the residual water treatment.2,2 DEFINITION Of the PROBLEM And ITS CAUSESa) Central problemFrom the diagnosis of the services of potable water and sewage system,commercial diagnosis, the economic and financial situation of SEDAPAL, describedin paragraph 2,1 “Deterioro is defined as physical and ecological Central Problemof the marine coast in the bay of the Callao and San Miguel”. The central problem haslike direct causes: “Contaminación of the average sailor of the coast by excessivewater load residuales” and “Inadecuada final water disposition residuales”.The direct cause “Contaminación of the average sailor of the coast by excessive load ofwaters residuales” it has like indirect cause “Vertimiento of residual waters ingreat volumes in litoral”.The direct cause “Inadecuada final water disposition residuales” it has likeindirect cause “Restringida capacity of water treatment residuales”.The central problem has like direct influences: “El increase of diseasesby water contact of sea contaminada”, “La quality of the resourceshidrobiológicos of human consumption in deterioro” and “Contaminación of meansambiente”.The direct influences previously described have like indirect effects“Incremento of risk of the health of población” and “Se debilitates the activitiesrecreational and of ecoturismo”; being therefore the final effect “El deterioration ofconditions of well-being of población”.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO72b) Attempt of previous solutionsBetween the most significant battles conducted by SEDAPAL, to obtainimprovement of the medio.ambiente and to avoid the contamination of waters of the coast,it finds the Feasibility study of Planta de Tratamiento de Residual Aguas andEmitter of North Lima, elaborated by PARSONS in 2000.Later, like part of the program of decontamination of waters of the seathe construction of the North Interceptor begins, builds of great spread, thatat the moment one is with a work advance of 90 approximately %. Withoutembargo, this work corresponds to the partial infrastructure of all the systemnecessary to obtain the objectives, of such form that is necessary the construction ofPlant of Residual Water Treatment Taboada, reason for the present study.Graph Not 2.2Arbol de Causas and EfectosDistrict and Province of the Callao "Project: "Construction of Planta de Tratamiento de Residual Aguas Taboada -Deterioration of the conditionsof well-being of the populationIncrease of risk ofhealth of the populationIncrease ofdiseases bywater contact ofcontaminated seaThey are debilitatedrecreational activities andof ecoturismoPhysical and ecological deterioration of the marine coast inthe bay of the Callao and San MiguelPouring ofresidual waters ingreat volumesin the coastContamination ofmedio.ambienteInadequatefinal disposition ofresidual watersEffectsCausesContamination ofaverage sailor ofthe coast by excessivewater loadresidualProblemPower stationIndirectDirectdirecthintThe quality of the resourceshidrobiológicos of consumptionhuman in deteriorationRestrictedcapacity oftreatment ofresidual watersPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO73c) Possibilities and Limitations To implement the Solution to the ProblemPossibilities:􀂃 The Project: “Construcción of Planta de Tratamiento de Residual AguasTaboada - District and Province of the Callao”, it is oriented to improve the conditionsof well-being of the population.􀂃 The possibilities to implement the solution of the problem are positive toto count on the support and predisposition of the settlers of the bay of the Callao and SanMiguel for the execution of the project, due to the residual water pouring ingreat volumes in the coast and the present contamination of the average sailor.􀂃 SEDAPAL counts on the necessary experience in the execution, operation andmaintenance of this type of projects.Limitations:􀂃 SEDAPAL does not count on the total of the financial, necessary resources stopsto execute the project in a 100%.2.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT2.3.1 General missionThe general mission of the project “Construcción of Planta de Tratamiento de AguasResidual Taboada - District and Province of the Callao”, it is improvement of the conditions ofwell-being of the population. To see graph 2,2, Arbol de Medios and Fines.2.3.2 Central ObjectiveThe central objective of the project “Construcción of Planta de Tratamiento de AguasResidual Taboada - District and Province of the Callao”, it is physical improvement andecological of the marine coast in the Bay of the Callao and San Miguel. To see graph no. 2, Arbolof Means and Aims.2.3.3 Specific ObjectiveThe Project “Construcción of Planta de Tratamiento de Residual Aguas Taboada -District and Province of the Callao”, it will allow to treat in a single point the water-drainages, thatat the moment the collectors unload: Costanero, New and Old Centenary,Bocanegra and the Comas-Chillo'n Emitter, improving the conditions of well-being ofpopulation, which will be reached when the following objectives are fulfilledspecific:To avoid the contamination of the average sailor, with the residual water pouring ingreat volumes moved away to the coast and the implementation of treatment systemsof residual waters.To cause a suitable final residual water disposition, with a suitable onetreatment capacity. To see graph 2,2, Arbol de Medios and Fines.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO74Graph 2.3Graph 2.4Arbol de Medios and FinesDistrict and Province of the Callao "Project: "Construction of Planta de Tratamiento de Residual Aguas Taboada -Improvement of the conditions ofwell-being of the populationDiminution of risk ofhealth of the populationDiminution ofdiseases bywater contact ofcontaminated seaAccess a is causedrecreational activities andof ecoturismoPhysical and ecological improvement of the marine coastin the bay of the Callao and San MiguelPouring ofresidual waters ingreat volumesmoved away to the coastReduction ofcontamination of meansatmosphereSuitable dispositionend of watersresidualFinesMediorsIt is avoidedcontamination ofaverage sailor ofthe coastObjectivePower stationIndirectDirectMainFundamentalThe natural quality is conservedof the hidrobiológicos resourcesof human consumptionSuitable capacityof treatment ofresidual watersPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO752,4 SOLUTION ALTERNATIVESHaving as it bases the made previous studies, described in the item 1.4y inagreement with the Masterful Plan Opritmizado 2005, two alternatives have considered ofsolution:1. Plant of Primary Treatment and Submarine Emissary (Alternative 1)2. Plant of Advanced Preliminary Treatment and Submarine Emissary (Alternative 2)The awaited results implementing anyone of the 2 alternatives, are:• To obtain the treatment of residual waters of the North zone of Lima, by means ofelimination of solids of up to 0.5 mm and the removal of fats and oils intreatment plant.• To complete the treatment by means of the dilution, dispersion and the action disinfectant ofthe ocean, transporting the residual waters through the submarine emissary.• To improve the sanitary conditions of the involved districts.• To improve the sanitary conditions of beaches of the Bay of the Callao and Miraflores.• To provide with infrastructure that makes the development more attractive of tourist projectsin the area.• To create conditions that improve the socioeconomic situation of the region.2.4.1 Criteria of selection for Planta de Tratamientoa) I put EnvironmentalThe propose norms for the design of the PTAR (Plant of Water TreatmentResidual) and Emitter of North Lima, was recommended in the Study of Prefactibilidad ofProject “Manejo of Residual Waters of Metropolitana” Lima; made in 1996by Parsons Engineering Science. The recommendations, done after detailedanalysis of the existing norms (including those of Peru, among other Latin American countries,the United States, the European Union, and the World-wide Organization of the Health), was reviewedand accepted by SEDAPAL, the World Bank, and a meeting of evaluation of expertsinternational reunited by the World Bank in Washington D.C. in May of 1996. Saidinformation, provide the justification and bases for the recommended norms, which will fulfillor they will surpass the present Peruvian Norms.Sedimentables Solids (Precipitables)The norm recommended for solid deposition on the marine bed is as it follows:The sedimentables solids do not have to be accumulated on the marine bed to onerate that exceeds 0,5 kg/cm2 * year outside the initial dilution zone.The initial dilution zone is defined as the area centered in the diffuser, that has the same onelength that the wide diffuser and an equal one to the double of the depth of the water. Assuming thatthe sedimentables solids of the water-drainage are compound in a 75% by organic material and ina 25% by inert solids (heavy sand), the rate of accumulation of 0,5 kg/cm2 * yearit corresponds to 1 cm by 30 years, assuming no that decomposition of the matter areorganic. In fact, the organic portion yes is disturbed, leaving essentially onlyinert portion. The rate of deposition of 0,5 kg/cm2 * year is comparable to the phenomenon ofnatural sedimentation that happens in the marine bed.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO76Bacteria Coliformes FecalesIn the Study of Prefactibilidad, the recommended standard of fecales coliformes was likeit follows:The concentration of fecales coliformes bacteria resultant of the unloading ofserved waters, would not have to be greater to 1000 MPN/100 mililiter in more of 10 byone hundred of the samples taken in remote points 500 ms of the coast.This norm is more restrictive than the present Peruvian norm for waters of class IV, whichit allows concentrations of bacteria of fecales coliformes over the 1000 MPN/100mililiter in less of the 20 percent of the samples taken in the beach. In harvesting areasof seafood, the World-wide Organization of the Health recommends that the concentrations offecales coliformes would have to be limited 10 MPN/100 mililiter in at least 80 percents ofsamples, with a Maxima concentration of 1000 MPN/100 mililiter in any sample.Picture 2.39 summarizes the norms of fecales coliformes, including the Peruvian normsexisting, the norms recommended in the Feasibility study and the norms thatthey could be adopted in a future in Peru.Picture 2.39Norms of Quality of Water for Coliformes FecalesNorm Recreation by Contact Culture of SeafoodPeru (present) 1000 NMP/100 mililiter (80%) 200 NMP/100 mililiter (80%)1000 NMP/100 mililiter (maximum)Peru (propose of the Studyof Prefactibilidad)1000 NMP/100 mililiter (90%)(measured to 500 ms of the border)-Agency of ProtectionEnvironmental of the StatesUnited, Japan and someCountries of South America200 NMP/100 mililiter (average)400 NMP/100 mililiter (average in 7days)14 NMP/100 mililiter (average)43 NMP/100 mililiter (90%)World-wide organization ofHealth- 10 NMP/100 mililiter (80%)100 NMP/100 mililiter (maximum)Key:Used to evaluate the fulfillment of the alternatives with the present normsUsed to evaluate the fulfillment of the alternatives with the future normsDissolved oxygen and Demands Oxygen BiochemistryThe norm recommended for dissolved oxygen and demands oxygen biochemistry is:The dissolved oxygen concentration must stay within 1 mg/l ofambient level.If, for example, the oxygen concentration dissolved in the water near (but not affected bythe emitter), is of 10 mg/l, then the oxygen level dissolved in the initial zone of mixture (inor near the surface) mg/l does not have to be smaller of 9. With a marine emitter properlydesigned, this norm can be fulfilled easily.A norm recommended explicit for biochemical demand of oxygen does not exist, because noit must have problem with a system of emitter and diffuser properly designed. Byexample, we consider a unloading of water-drainage with a demand concentrationoxygen biochemistry of 300 mg/l. If the minimum initial dilution of the emisor/difusor systemhe is 150, the concentration of biochemical demand of resulting oxygen on the brink of madness the zone ofPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO77initial dilution, will be 2 mg/l. This one is not sufficient to reduce significantlydissolved oxygen concentration.Flotation equipmentsThe norm recommended for flotation equipments is as it follows:It does not have to unload visible flotation equipments.Several reasons for this norm exist. The main one is that such materials remain insurface of the water after the unloading and can quickly be taken by the windtowards the beach. This causes a severe problem of aesthetic. In addition, the bacteria tendto be accumulated in the surfaces of solids, including flotation equipments (oils andfat).Toxic MaterialsThe objectives of quality of the water are defined in the Peruvian norms for protectionenvironmental recreacional and (waters Class I SAW) and for harvesting of seafood (waters Class V).Given the anticipated quality of Peruvian residual waters without dealing with and the waited for qualityefluente for a rank of treatment alternatives, is possible to consider the rate of dilutionrequired initial to reach the prescribed objectives of quality of water after materialstoxics. The following equation can be used to consider the required initial dilution:Dm = (EC - Co)/(Co - Cs)Where:Dm = minimum required initial dilutionEC = concentration of the components of the efluenteObjective Co = of quality of water for the component, to be reached at the end ofinitial dilutionCs = concentration of the component in the surrounding marine waterb) Levels of Treatment and fulfillment of NormsBoth alternatives fulfill the treatment objectives, in conformity withNorms established according to are in the following picture.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO78Picture 2.40Levels of Treatment and conformity with the unloading objectivesIn anyone of the 2 alternatives the plant of residual water treatment of Taboadait will be constructed in the property of SEDAPAL located in the Oquendo beach. The waters ofNorth interceptor and soon those of the collector Commas - Chillón will be taken until a new onecamera of meeting located in the North extremity of the site of the plant. From this camera,the black waters will be directed towards the main pumping station, where they will be pumpedtowards the PTAR Taboada. Also, from the camera of Sarita pumping Colony, througha line of impulsion ø 1000, will conduct the originating water-drainages of the CollectorCentenary towards the PTAR Taboada.After the treatment of residual waters, these will be lead throughsubmarine emissary out to sea where the final dilution will take place.In the case of alternative 2, the objectives from unloadings to the ocean would be fulfilled, withexception of the sedimentables solid parameter. Nevertheless, since it has been reported inFeasibility study of Parsons, although the option of preliminary treatment “no would fulfillwith the criterion of quality of water with regard to sedimentables solids, it is probable thatthe affected area is slightly over 1 Km2 and the impacts would not be significant.In fact, according to Ludwin12, “el optimal method of treatment is the use of microgrates. lead extensive studies in New Zealand (Bannantyne and Speir 1987) showedthat the yield of the microgrates is comparable to the primary treatment when is usedemissary for the evacuation to océano”.c) land RequirementThe approximated land requirements for the alternative facilities of treatment (stopa design flow average of 15 m3/s) is indicated in the following picture.12 Environmental Impact Assessment, Siting and Design of Submarine Outfalls, Rusell G. Ludwing, Monitoring andAssessment Research Centre and World Health Organization, 1988Alternative IPrmario TreatmentAlternative IIPreliminary TreatmentAdvancedTo reduce the concentration ofbacteria Coliformes Fecales aless than 1000 NMP/100 mililiterNOT IF IFTo maintain the concentration ofdissolved oxygen to 1 mg/l NOT IF IFTo maintain the concentrations oftoxic compounds according toPeruvian norms for watersclass IV, V and I SAWNOT IF IFTo assure that the accumulationsedimentables solids do not exceedthe 0.5 Kg/m2/añoNOT IF IFTo eliminate visible the flotation equipment NOT IF IFTo fulfill the General Law ofWaters Art. 22 NOT IF IFLevel of treatment andconformity with NormsUnloading without plant/emissary(present situation)Unloading with Plant of treatment/EmissaryPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO79Picture 2.41Land requirements for the Installation of TreatmentProcess of Requisite Treatmentapproximated ofland (it has)Preliminary Treatment 3Primary Treatment 8.5Primary Treatment Extended 8.5Secondary treatment (muds activated conventional withoutprimary clarificadores)22Secondary treatment (activated muds conventionalwith primary clarificadores)31Source: North feasibility study of PTAR and Emitter. Parsons, 2000SEDAPAL has acquired a land located in the Taboada beach, whose extension is of 10 has,reason why sufficient space available for the installation of treatment plants would existpreliminary, primary and primary extended. Considering that is not counted on landsavailable additional, the alternatives of secondary treatment would be discarded,staying as options the preliminary treatment and the primary one, which will evaluate moreit advanced.d) Length of the EmissaryThe atmosphere of water reception is complex due to the located relatively closed zoneto the south of the emissary. Here little pierced of the sea, between End the End and the island San Lorenzo,it de facto produces a alley with very little circulation. The unloading proposal impliesgreat volumes of residual waters, with possibilities of high concentrations inreception of the water. This simultaneously cause greater preoccupations on the protection ofmarine culture in the South zone east of the island San Lorenzo. The computerized model,developed by Parsons, for the quality of water of this project it was used in an attempt byto find a way to mitigate these preoccupations. Based on the evaluationspreliminaries of the model, it would seem that an emissary of 8 km in length, unloading to onedepth of 45 meters, would allow that the nucleus of remainders moves around and to the westof the island, allowing of that way that is obtained the recommended levels.The conditions of ground of this place represent a great challenge for the construction ofgreat emissary. The zone has been affected by the unloading of the Rímac river, which has depositeda heavy very fine sediment layer, on the aeons. Based on the informationobtained of a study of drilled by spurt, it would seem that the sediments are characterizedby one it lowers density, discharge compressibility and a high potential of melting. Theseconditions indicate that the place marginally is adapted for the construction ofgreat emissary, of reinforced pipe of concrete.The marine traffic is intense in this place, with great deep openwork boats that touchCallao, the greatest port of the nation. The area crossed by the emissary is designated stopsanchorage of the boats. Danger that exists the emissary is damaged by the anchors, and the designit needs to face this problem.Source: Project “Manejo of Residual Waters of Metropolitana” Lima; Closing report Study ofPrefactibilidad. Parsons Engineering Science, 1996PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO80