Technical Report 2 (translated)

I CAPITULATE IIIDENTIFICATIONWith the purpose of obtaining updated data of first hand and, they have been madevisits from field to the zone that includes/understands the area of influence of the project thatbasically it is conformed by 27 districts of Lima and Callao (of which somethey take part totally, other partially) whose residual waters will unload toprojected plant of treatment. Visits to works of the “Interceptor have been madeNorte” that at the moment they are being made, as well as of collectors who at the momentthey spill without no treatment to the sea and the river, as they are the Costanero Collector and the CollectorNot 6; also, visits of recognition together with personnel have been made ofcompany contractor that executes the work of the North Interceptor in the zone of the beachTaboada, where one projects to construct the treatment plant.The commercial, operative and financial data has been obtained from the Managements ofNorth, South service, Center, Management of Human resources and Management of Finances ofSEDAPAL.2.1 I DIAGNOSE OF THE PRESENT SITUATIONThe present system of sewage system of the area of influence of the project, leads watersresidual domestic, commercial and as much industrial. Due to the topography, the greater onepart of residual waters is conducted by gravity, with the exception of the low partswhere pumping is required. The cover in residual water treatment is null.The system of residual water harvesting account with an area of total drainage of 22hectares and approximately an of great volume 10 average of m3/seg 3 of residual watersthey unload without no type from treatment to the ocean and the Rímac river, as well as for irrigationof cultures, in the agricultural zone San Agustín, adjacent to the Airport the International JorgeChávez.The primary collectors of the sewage system system who drain to the North of the City ofLima and Callao are the following ones: Costanero emitter (Costanero Collector and Navy),Emitter Commas (Collector Comas and Prol. Chillón), Emitter Nº 6 (Collector Av. Peru Cdra. 23,Av. Peru Cdra. 32 and Base Naval Aero), Centennial Emitter (Collector Moral Duárez,Argentina, Maranga and Ca'mara Unica) and Bocanegra Emitter. To see the Plane Nº 1 whereit shows the location of the present collectors.In the Bay of the Callao and San Miguel, the originating water-drainages are spilled ofCostanero collectors, Centenary (new and old), Bocanegra and Comas-Chillo'n,causing a permanent contamination in the coast. Also, the CollectorCentenary works near its limit which originates problems of atoros in the line.Part of residual waters of the collector Nº 6 at the moment is used byagriculturists of the Agricultural Zone San Agustín, and the other part is unloaded to the Rímac river.An illegal use of the water-drainages on the part of the agriculturists exists who occupy the partlater of the Airport the International Jorge Chávez, creating one of the vectors ofgreater contamination of the zone, in damage of the health of the population of Lima and Callao.According to studies made in this zone, it has been verified that the cultivated productsthey are contaminated, originating damages directly in the population thatit consumes.As it leaves from the solution for the integral cleaning of the North zone of Lima, they comeexecuting works of the North Interceptor, which will lead residual waters tosingle point (in the Taboada beach), where the treatment of waters will take placeresidual, improving the quality of the affluent.3 According to measurements conducted in the collectors, by the Equipment Harvesting and Final Disposition - SEDAPALPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO20The plant of Taboada treatment will catch residual waters of the North Interceptor, ofComas–Chillón collector and of the Line of Sarita Impulsion Colony (the 3 conformsNorth Intercepting system), as one is in the following scheme.The area on watch of the plant of Taboada treatment, is the area of drainage of the SystemNorth interceptor, the influence area includes the following districts: Miraflores, SanIsidro, Lynx, Santa Anita, Tie, the Agustino, San Luis, Surrounded of Lima, the Victory, SanJuan de Lurigancho, Rímac, Scrub, Jesus Maria, Free Town, Magdalena of the Sea, SanMiguel, the Per it, the End, Bellavista, Carmen of the Legua, Callao, Carabayllo, Commas,Independence, San Martín de Porres and the Olive trees. The drainage area is of 22.08 Has.Altogether: the system of collectors who conform the areas on watch of the project andthe Taboada plant receives the name of “Subsistema Taboada”, which will serve more than 3million inhabitants.2.1.1 Socioeconómicas characteristics of the Populationa) Total and affected populationIn the last National Census of Population and House, has determined that the populationof Lima metropolitan it promotes to 7’765,151 inhabitants, located in 49 districts, ofas SEDAPAL it only administers to 43 districts, with a population of 7’620,000inhabitants.According to the data of the census, to the year 2005, the population in the 27 districts involved inproject promotes to 5’346,888 inhabitants. Of this population, it has been considered that4’334,214 inhabitants comprise of the area of influence of the project, which represents57% of the population administered by SEDAPAL. These estimations have been madeon the base of the proportion that exists between the areas of the districts that compriseSimplified diagram of the Susbistema TaboadaPTARTABOADACollector Chillón CommasLine ofimpulsionCameraofpumpingSaritaNorth interceptor, receivesunloadings of:- Costanero Collector- Collector Navy- Argentina Collector- Collector Not 19- Collector Not 6- Bocanegra CollectorCollectorCentenaryPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO21of the project and the inhabitable areas of the districts. The made calculations are explainedin detail in Chapter III – item 3.1.1.Rate of population growthConsidering that the population of the area of influence of the project, is livingwithin 27 districts of Lima and Callao, an analysis by drainage area has been madeconsidering which each area of drainage involves several districts, with differentbehaviors of population growth. The made calculations are explainedin detail in Chapter III – item 3.1.1b) HealthThe settlers of the 27 districts of the area of influence of the project, present/display oneincidences of intestinal infectious diseases, diseases of the skin,tuberculosis and other diseases that can be related to the contact to watersresidual not treated. To see picture Not 2.1Also, other causes can be attributed to these diseases like the inadequate onesconditions of storage of the water and the bad disposition of residual waters inthe medio.ambiente, causing the formation of infectious centers.In the Annex To - Picture 1 are not the main causes of morbidity,differentiated by sex.Picture 2.2Main causes of morbidity registered in external consultationin the area of influence of the Project, 2005Source: Data base of system HISMinistry of Health - General Office of Statistic and Computer scienceTOTALCASES %TOTAL 3.561.704 100,001 acute Infections of superior respiratory routes 600,636 16,862Upheavals of the ocular musculos, the binocular movement, ofaccomodation and of refraction 293,531 8,243Diseases of the buccal cavity, the salivary glands and ofmaxilares 209,396 5,884 Other diseases of superior respiratory routes 166,790 4,685 hypertensive Diseases 141,369 3,976 Tuberculoses 117,995 3,317 chronic Diseases of inferior respiratory routes 100,961 2,838 episódicos and paroxísticos Upheavals 90,712 2,559 Dermatitises and eczema 83,874 2,3510 Other diseases of urinary system 77,625 2,1811 Diseases of masculine genital organs 71,110 2,0012 intestinal infectious Diseases 63,209 1,7713 Disease by virus of human immunodeficiency (VIH) 58,427 1,6414 Diseases of the esophagus, the stomach and duodeno 55,210 1,5515 noninflammatory Upheavals of feminine genital organs 52,871 1,4816 Other dorsopatías 50,530 1,4217 Micosis 48,755 1,3718 Other upheavals of the skin and subcutaneous weave 44,532 1,2519Maternal attention related to the fetus and the amniotic cavity and topossible problems of childbirth 42,336 1,1920 Diseases of the average ear and mastoides 40,447 1,14THE DEMAS CAUSES 1.151.388 32,33NoncGroups OF CAUSESPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO22Hospitals and Centers of HealthThe attention of the health offers in the primary and secondary scope in Hospitals,Centers of Health and Slugs of Health, that in addition periodically make campaigns ofmonitoreo of the levels of the health and offers sanitary education.c) Customs, habits of hygiene and cleaningIn the zones that count on the service of potable water and sewage system, in addition tobasic services like, the habits of hygiene and cleaning enough are adapted,this situation is generally influenced by the degree of education of the people.In the zones where the potable sewage system and water supply is null ora restricted supplying exists, but the difficulty of people is perceived well to havean suitable frequency of personal cleaning.According to the Study “Prácticas of Hygiene of the Population Periurbana de Lima” – Water andSanitation Program, June 20044, obtained the following results:• The metropolitan population of Lima has certain information on hygiene habits,but this one is still insufficient. The recognition of contamination factors notit accompanies by positive changes in the intrafamiliar sanitary practices. evidence that the knowledge still does not obtain a sufficient internalization ofrisks in the health, which affects the incorporation of practices unfavorablyadapted of hygiene.• Positive the previous experiences influence in considering the hygiene like a valueindependent of the poverty. In these cases, the care of the hygiene isrelated to an increase of the personal and familiar self-esteem.• The hygiene practices are seen remarkably affected by the high costs thatit demands the use of nonconventional water systems and cleaning. To have waterhe is more expensive for the poor and extremely poor families whom they do not haveservice of SEDAPAL for which yes they have it.• The practices of hygiene in the use of the latrine are in favor conditional of hisinadequate construction and little preparation. The preparation as wellit is determined by the little access to information, by the levelssocioeconomic of poverty and it carries far poverty and by the little commitment ofmen in the development of adapted practical of familiar hygiene (they are those thatthey assume the tasks of construction and repair of buildings)• The use of open field is explained by the expectation to count soon on the systemconventional, with the cost of materials, with time that requires the constructionof the latrine and with the rejection to “suciedad” by the presence of lees and latrine tointerior of the house.• The practice of the washing of hands is inadequate by the ignorance of the techniquecorrect and by the little and superficial use of the soap. The found conditions nothey favor the washing of hands. The majority has a single preparationfor it, for the washing of the familiar menaje, the washing of clothes and the place where it receivesthe water. The limited water availability, the time that implies the spare part of thisresource and the little presence of the soap and the towel, is considered conditionsunfavorable.4 the study was made in Slumses and Young Towns of the different districts from Lima.PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO23• The practices of hygiene related to the contamination are unsuitable. One ofthe few suitable practices of the population are the water boiled one.• The suitable practices of hygiene that avoid the food contamination arelittle incorporated in the population. Were uncertain, accessible devicesto the vectors and domestic animals. The washing of the familiar menaje becomesusually single with water.• The factors that influence in the contamination are the free animal raisingdomestic, the presence of flies, the little proportion of knowledge onwashing of hands, the food consumption without washing, the clean water nonuse,lack of hygiene in the latrines, among others.• The population does not perceive the tie aspects with the hygiene water (practical,lack of hygiene, lacks of the washing of hands at key moments) like the factormain associated to the infantile diarrea.d) HouseBeing that the influence area represents 60 % of the population of Lima almostmetropolitan, for the present study the characteristics of the city will be considered ofLima.In the city of Lima, of the total of houses, 79% correspond to independent houses,10% to departments in buildings and 5% to house improvisada/choza; In the same onelayer, the houses in the fifth and houses in vicinity are of 4% and 2%respectively. To see Picture Not 2.3Also, in North Lima and Lima Modern of the total of registered houses, 68% areown; the Center from Lima to the date presents/displays 32% in rent of houses. By another oneside, in the city of Lima 82% of the houses counts on water supply ofthe public network and 97% count on electrical, single lighting system Lima Modern account with100% in both services.Picture 2.3Characteristics of the HouseSource: APOYO Opinio'n y Mercado S.A. (IGM - Economic Levels Partner 2004-2005)Picture 2.4Characteristics of the House, Type of Present HouseSource: APOYO Opinio'n y Mercado S.A. (IGM - Economic Levels Partner 2004-2005)TOTAL%NORTH%THIS%CENTER%MODERN%The SOUTH%CALLAO%Own 65 68 67 56 68 65 57Rented 16 11 13 32 24 9 12No. of atmospheres without counting baths (PROM.) 4.8 4,8 4,0 4,5 6,3 4,2 4.8No. of baths (PROM.) 1.3 1,0 0,9 1,3 2,3 0,9 1.0Water supply of public network 82 78 73 94 98 74 79Electrical lighting system 97 99 94 98 100 91 96Predominant CharacteristicsTOTAL%NORTH%THIS%CENTER%MODERN%The SOUTH%CALLAO%Independent house 79 93 90 52 59 88 78Department in Building 10 3 3 21 31 2 5Unexpected house/hut 5 2 6 0 0 9 13House in villa 4 1 0 22 7 1 1House of vicinity (alley or yard) 2 0 0 5 3 0 3Predominant CharacteristicsPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO24e) EducationThe level and modality of the educative structures in several schools, schools einstitutes of superior education, located in the area of influence of the project add9.614 educative centers.In the Annex To - Picture 2 are not the educative centers of each district thatit conforms the area of influence of the project.Picture 2.5Educative centers by level and/or modality and formin 27 districts of Lima and Callao, 2005Source: Ministry of Education, Unit of Educative Statistic. Basic Statistic 2005f) TransportIn 2004 in the city of Lima, the Road Network was of 4.792,46 km of which2,918.91 correspond to the system of ocal highway; On the other hand it has been considered in877,464 like Vehicular Park. An average of 10,2 inhabitants is had/vehicle.Source: Main directorate of Ways and Railroads and Directorate of Intelligence of Management.In the city of Lima it at the moment exists an Airport and an administered Port the last oneby ENAPU S.A..g) economic ActivitiesThe city of Lima would have around 90.668 commerce, the populated zone more in thisaspect, is North Lima with 25 thousands of them, followed by it South Lima This and Lima. percentage distribution in the businesses by geographic zones is the following one: It files North,27.7%; It files This, 22.9%; It files Center, 10.2%; It files Modern, 10.9%; It files the South, 19,6%, andCallao 8.8%.The extended commerce more and, therefore with a greater population is “bodega”. In LimaMetropolitan they exist around 62.282 warehouses; what total represents the 68,9% ofcommerce. The 70,2% of the warehouses are located in North Lima, Lima This andIt files The South.Supermarket has been registered 188 denominated establishments (supermarkets orsupermarkets) and minimarkets, located in Lima mainly Modern and Lima Center,this high concentration explains the reduced one I number of warehouses in these zones.Also, they exist little more than 14 thousand restaurants and 4 thousand pharmacies. Other headings ofLevel of Education Modality Not of CentersINITIAL EDUCATION Escolarizada 2875Not escolarizada 1631PRIMARY EDUCATION Smaller 2687Adults 125SECONDARY EDUCATION Smaller 1468Adults 235And SUPERIOR NoncUniversity Formation Magisterial 37Technological 125Artistic 7SPECIAL EDUCATION Escolarizada 49Not escolarizada 16OCCUPATIONAL EDUCATION Escolarizada 358Not escolarizada 1TOTAL 9614PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO25commerce with population over the 2.500 units is the ironworks andbakeries.Socioeconomic LevelMetropolitan the socioeconomic composition of Lima and each one of the zonesgeographic and districts that compose it, in function to the predominant NSE in eachapple, which was been from a socioeconomic census.The socioeconomic information incorporates the registered horizontal growth inlast years. Esteem that the socioeconomic level in the city Lima, is distributed offollowing form:Picture 2.6Metropolitan Socioeconomic level in LimaSource: APOYO Opinio'n y Mercado S.A.. – Zonal profiles of Lima Metropolitan 2006.h) Level of incomeThe familiar monthly enter a Metropolitan home average in Lima is of USS 522dollars. To see following Picture.Picture 2.7Familiar monthly entrance of a Home by ZonesSource: APOYO Opinio'n y Mercado S.A.. – Zonal profiles of Lima Metropolitan 20062.1.2 Situation of the servicesThe services of potable water and sewage system are administered by SEDAPAL, to traverseof its Centers of Services, that have to their position the commercial and operative administrationof the systems of potable water and sewage system, according to one is in picture 2.8a) Potable water consumptionIn agreement with the information provided by the Commercial Management, in the area ofit influences of the project the consumptions are of social, domestic, commercial, industrial type andstate.Considering that the demand of residual water treatment will be made according todrainage areas, have been seen by advisable analyzing the consumptions for each area ofdrainage.In picture 2.9 are the measured and not measured consumptions, by type of tariffs.These last ones correspond to consumptions assigned and/or divided equally of previous months.A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C20.8% 3,0% 6,0% 7,9% 14,9% 18,6% 28,9% 19.8%NSE To NSE B NSE C3.08% 14% 33,6% NSE D NSE ETOTAL zone of Lima NORTH EAST CENTER MODERN SOUTH CALLAOMonthly familiar entrance (PROM. USS) 522 306 340 448 1.397 308 380PROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO26Picture 2.8Jurisdiction of SEDAPAL – Province of Lima and CallaoCenters on watch Admninistrados DistrictsCarabayllo (*)Commas (*)Independence (*)The Olive trees (*)Bridge StoneRímac (*)San Martín de Porras (*)CoveBellavista (*)Callao (*)Carmen of the Legua (*)The Per It (*)The End (*)Santa RosaWindowTie (*)ChaclacayoCieneguillaThe Agustino (*)The MolinaLurigancho (*)San Luis (*)Santa Anita (*)Scrub (*)Jesus Maria (*)The Victory (*)It files - Surrounded (*)Magdalena of the Sea (*)Free Town (*)San Miguel (*)San Juan OF LURIGANCHO San Juan de Lurigancho (*)PrecipiceChorrillosLynx (*)Miraflores (*)San BorjaSan Isidro (*)Santiago de SurcoSurquilloLurínPachacamacPucusanaSan Juan de MirafloresVilla El SalvadorVilla Maria of the Triumph(*) districts included/understood within the area of influence of the project.SURQUILLOVILLA EL SALVADORCOMMASCALLAOTIE - VITARTESCRUBPROFILE: CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLANT OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENTTABOADA And SUBMARINE EMISSARY - DISTRICT And PROVINCE Of the CALLAO27