OSO.90 - part 1 (translated)

1NORM OS.090PLANTS OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENT1, OBJETO……………………………………………………………………….…... 052, ALCANCE……………………………………………………………………..…053, DEFINICION……………………………………………………………………..054, DISPOSITIONS GENERALES………………………………………………174,1 Object of tratamiento……………………………………………………….....174,2 Basic direction for diseño………………………………………….....174,3 Norms for the studies of factibilidad……………………………………..184,4 Norms for the engineering studies básica……………………………….225, SPECIFIC DISPOSITIONS FOR DESIGNS DEFINITIVOS………..235,1 Aspects generales………………………………………………………………..235,2 Works of llegada…………………………………………………………………..245,3 Treatment preliminar……………………………………………………………265.3.1 Cribas………………………………………………………………………………265.3.2 Desarenadores…………………………………………………………………….275.3.3 Measurer and distributors of caudal………………………………………………..285,4 Treatment primario……………………………………………………………….295.4.1 Generalidades…………………………………………………………………….295.4.2 Imhoff…………………………………………………………………..29 tanks5.4.3 Tanks of sedimentación……………………………………………………….315.4.4 Tanks of flotación……………………………………………………………..345,5 Treatment secundarios…………………………………………………………345.5.1. Generalidades…………………………………………………………………….345.5.2. Lagoons of estabilización…………………………………………………………345.5.2.1 Aspects generales………………………………………………………………..345.5.2.2 Lagoons anaerobias……………………………………………………………..355.5.2.3 Lagoons aeradas………………………………………………………………….365.5.2.4 Lagoons facultativas………………………………………………………………..385.5.2.5 Design of lagoons for the removal of organisms patógenos……………..405.5.2.6. General norms for the design of lagunas………………………………….4125.5.3. Treatment with mud processes activados………………………………….435.5.3.1 Aspects generales………………………………………………………………..435.5.3.2 Sedimentador secundario………………………………………………………..485.5.3.3 Ditches of oxidación………………………………………………………………... 505.5.4 Filters percoladores………………………………………………………………..525.5.5 Rotating biological systems of contacto……………………………………….545.6 Other types of tratamiento……………………………………………………….545.6.1 Application on the land and reuso agrícola………………………………..…545.6.2 Intermittent filters of arena……………………………………………………565.6.3 Anaerobic treatment of flow ascendente…………………………………..575,7 Desinfección……………………………………………………………………….605,8 Tertiary water treatment residuales………………………………………605,9 Treatment of lodos……………………………………………………………..615.9.1 Generalidades……………………………………………………………………..615.9.2 Digestion anaerobia……………………………………………………………….625.9.3 Lagoons of lodos………………………………………………………………….635.9.4 Application of muds on terreno…………………………………………….635.9.5 Mud removal of the lagoons of estabilización…………………………645.9.6 Beds of secado…………………………………………………………………643PRACTICAL STANDARDS OF S.090 CONSTRUCTIONPLANTS OF RESIDUAL WATER TREATMENT1 OBJECTThe primary target is to normar the development of projects of treatment ofresidual waters in the levels preliminary, basic and definitive.2 IT REACHES2.1 The present norms are related to the facilities that they requirea plant of municipal residual water treatment and the processes thatthey must experience residual waters before its unloading to the bodyreceiver or to its reusability.3 DEFINITIONS3,1 AdsorptionFisicoquímico phenomenon that consists of the fixation of gaseous substances,dissolved liquid or free molecules in the surface of a solid.3,2 AbsorptionSelective solid fixation and concentration dissolved insidesolid material, by diffusion.3,3 AcidityThe capacity of a watery solution to react with ions hidroxilountil pH of neutralization.3.4 Water-bearingGeologic formation of porous material able to store an appreciable oneamount of water.3,5 VentilationProcess of oxygen transference of the air to the water by natural means(natural flow, cascades, etc.) or artificial (mechanical agitation or diffusion ofcompressed air).3,6 Mechanical ventilationOxygen introduction of the air in a liquid by action of an agitatormechanic.3,7 Prolonged ventilationA modification of the treatment with activated muds that it facilitates4mineralización of mud in the ventilation tank.3,8 Adensador (Espesador)Treatment to remove liquid of muds and to reduce its volume.3,9 AffluentWater or another liquid that enter to reservorio, plant of treatment ortreatment process.3,10 Residual waterWater that has been used by a community or trains and that contains materialorganic or inorganic dissolved or in suspension.3,11 Domestic residual waterWater of domestic, commercial and institutional origin that contains remaindersphysiological and other originating ones of the human activity.3,12 Municipal residual waterThey are domestic residual waters. It is possible to be included under this definition todomestic residual water mixture with waters of pluvial drainage or withresidual waters of industrial origin, whenever these fulfillrequirements to be admitted in the systems of type sewage systemcombined.3.13 AnaerobicCondition in which there is presence of air or free no oxygen.3,14 AnalysisThe examination of a substance to identify its components.3,15 Application in the landApplication of residual water or muds partially treated, under conditionscontrolled, in the land.3,16 BacteriaGroup of unicellular microscopic organisms, with bacterial chromosomeonly, binary division and that takes part in the processes of stabilization oforganic matter.3.17 Bases of designData set for the final and intermediate conditions of the design thatthey serve for the sizing of the treatment processes. The datathey include generally: populations, volumes, concentrations and I contribute to percápita of residual waters. The parameters that usually determinebases of the design are: DBO, fecales solids in suspension, coliformes andnutrients.3,18 BiodegradaciónTransformation of the organic matter in composed less complexes, by5action of microorganisms.3,19 BiopelículaBiological film adhered to an average solid and that carries out the degradationof the organic matter.3,20 By-passSet of used elements to turn aside the water residual of a processor plant of treatment in conditions of emergency, maintenance or ofoperation.3,21 Camera of contactExtended tank which the residual water treated enters in contact withagent disinfectant.3,22 Activated charcoalCarbonáceos grains that have a high capacity of selective removalof soluble compounds, by adsorption.3,23 Load of the designRelation between volume and concentration of a specific parameter that is usedin order to determine the proportions a process of the treatment.3,24 Surface loadingVolume or mass of a parameter by area unit that is used stopsto determine the proportions a process of the treatment.3.25 Of great volume tipMaximum volume in a given interval.3.26 Hour maximum volumeVolume at the time of Maxima unloads.3.27 Of great volume meansAverage of the daily volumes in a certain period.3,28 CertificationProgram of the organization of control to credit the capacity of the personnel ofoperation and maintenance of a treatment plant.3,29 ClarificationProcess of sedimentation to eliminate sedimentables solids of the waterresidual.3,30 CloraciónApplication of chlorine or composed of chlorine to the residual water for disinfection andin some cases for chemical oxidation or control of scents.3,31 Coagulation6Colloidal particle agglomeration (< 0,001 mm) y dispersas (0,001 a 0,01mm) in visible clots, by addition of a coagulant.3,32 CoagulantSimple electrolyte, usually inorganic salt, that contains a cationmultivalente of iron, aluminum or calcium. It is used to destabilizecolloidal particles favoring its agglomeration.3,33 ColiformesGram not esporuladas negative bacteria of form extended able ofto ferment lactose with gas production to 35 +/- 0.5 ºC (coliformes totals).Those that have the same properties to 44,5 +/- 0.2 ºC in 24 hoursthey denominate fecales coliformes (now also denominated coliformestermotolerantes).3,34 CompensationProcess by which residual water is stored and cushions the variationsextreme of unloading, homogenizando themselves its quality and being avoided of great volumetip.3.35 Heavy sieveDevice of parallel bars of separation generally uniforms (4 to 10cm) to remove floating solids of great size.3.36 It sifts AverageStructure of parallel bars of separation uniforms (2 to 4 cm) to removefloating solids and in suspension; one is used generally in the treatmentpreliminary.3,37 Criteria of designGuides of engineering who specify objectives, results or limits that mustto be fulfilled in the design of a process, structures or component of a system.3,38 Roadside ditch of coronationOpened channel, had generally, that is located in a plant oftreatment with the purpose of collecting and turning aside waters pluvial.3,39 Biochemical demand of oxygen (DBO)Amount of oxygen that requires the microorganisms for the stabilizationof the organic matter under conditions of specific time and temperature(generally 5 days and to 20ºC).3,40 Chemical demand of oxygen (DQO)Measurement of the amount of oxygen required for the chemical oxidation oforganic matter of the residual water, using like oxidating inorganic saltsof permanganato or dichromate of potassium.3,41 Density of energyRelation of the installed power of a aerador and the volume, in a tank ofventilation, aerada lagoon or digestor aerobe.73,42 Residual water purificationPurification or removal of objectionable substances of residual waters; it applies to processes of treatment of liquids exclusively.3.43 Accidental spillNot planned direct or indirect unloading of a liquid that containsundesirable substances that cause well-known adverse effects in the quality ofreceiving body. This unloading can be result of an accident, effectnatural or unsuitable operation.3,44 DesarenadoresDesigned camera to reduce the speed of the residual water and to allowmineral solid removal (sand and others), by sedimentation.3,45 Controlled unloadingRegulation of the unloading of the crude residual water to eliminateextreme variations of volume and quality.3.46 Acid remainderUnloading that an appreciable amount of acidity contains and pH low.3.47 Dangerous remainderRemainder that has one or more of the following characteristics: corrosive,reagent, explosive, toxic, inflammable or infectious.3.48 Industrial remainderRemainder originated in the manufacture of a specific product.3,49 Mud dehydrationProcess of removal of the water contained in muds.3,50 DisinfectionThe destruction of present microorganisms in residual watersby means of the use of an agent disinfectant.3,51 DiffuserPorous plate, tube or another device, through which air is injectedtablet or other gases in bubbles, to the liquid mass.3,52 DigestionBiological decomposition of the organic matter of the mud that produces onemineralización, liquefaction and partial gasificación.3,53 Aerobic digestionBiological decomposition of the organic matter of mud, in the presence ofoxygen.3,54 Anaerobic digestion8Biological decomposition of the organic matter of mud, in absence ofoxygen.3,55 Final dispositionDisposition of the efluente or the mud treated about a treatment plant.3,56 Rotating distributorMovable device that turns around a central axis and is made up ofhorizontal arms with orifices that unload the residual water on a filterbiological. The action of unloading of the orifices produces the movementmetropolitan newspaper.3,57 Age of mudParameter of design and own operation of the activated mud processesthat it is from the relation of the mass of present volatile solids intank of ventilation divided by the mass of removed volatile solids ofsystem per day. The parameter is expressed in days.3,58 Efficiency of the treatmentRelation between the mass or removed concentration and the mass or concentrationapplied, in a process or plant of treatment and for a parameterspecific. It can express in decimal or percentage.3,59 EfluenteLiquid that leaves a treatment process.3,60 Final EfluenteLiquid that leaves a plant of residual water treatment.3,61 Submarine emissaryComplementary pipe and accessories that allow the disposition ofresidual waters pretreated in the sea.3.62 EmitterChannel or pipe that receives residual waters of a sewage system systemuntil a plant of treatment or a plant of treatment until a pointof final disposition.3,63 Bacteriological examinationAnalysis to determine and to quantify the number of bacteria in watersresidual.3,64 Factor of loadOperational parameter and of design of the activated mud process that isto divide the mass of the substrate (kg DBO/d) that it feeds a tank onventilation, between the mass of microorganisms in the system, represented bymass of volatile solids.3.65 Biological filter9Synonymous of “filtro percolador”, “lecho bacterial of contacto” or "biofiltro".3.66 Percolador filterSystem in which the settled residual water is applied on meansfilter of synthetic heavy or material stone. The film of microorganismsthat it is developed on filter means stabilizes the organic matter ofresidual water.3,67 Nonprecise sourceSource of dispersed contamination.3,68 Point sourceAny defined source that unloads or can unload polluting agents.3,69 Degree of treatmentEfficiency of removal of a plant of residual water treatment stopsto fulfill the requirements of quality of the receiving body or the norms ofreuso.3,70 EqualizationTo see compensation.3,71 Environmental impactChange or effect on the atmosphere that is from a specific action.3.72 RaincoatThat it prevents the passage of a liquid.3,73 InterceptorChannel or pipe that receives the residual water volume of unloadingscross-sectional and it leads them to a treatment plant.3,74 Superficial irrigationApplication of residual waters in the land in such a way that they flow from oneor several points until the end of a lot.3,75 IVL (Volumetric mud Index)Volume in milliliters occupied by a gram of solids, in dry weight, ofwater mixes mud/after a sedimentation of 30 minutes in a cylindergraduated as 1000 mililiter.3,76 Aerada lagoonPool for the residual water treatment in which oxygen is injectedby mechanical action or compressed air diffusion.3,77 Aerobic lagoonPool with high production of biomass.3,78 Anaerobic lagoonPool with high laid-down load in which the treatment takes place in10oxygen absence. This type of lagoon requires later treatmentcomplementary.3,79 Lagoon of high production of biomassPool of form normally extended, with a short period of retention,depth reduced and with mixture facilities that maximize the productionof seaweed. (Other used terms but that are tending to the disuse are:“laguna aerobic ", “laguna fotosintética” and “laguna of discharge tasa”).3,80 Lagoon of stabilizationPool in which unloading residual waters and in where one takes placeestalibilización of organic matter and the bacterial reduction.3,81 Lagoon of controlled unloadingPool of treated residual water storage, normally stopsreuso agriculturist, in who the treated efluente dams up to be used inshe forms discontinuous, during the periods of greater demand.3,82 Mud lagoonPool for storage, digestion or removal of the liquid of mud.3,83 Lagoon of maturationPool of stabilization to treat the secondary efluente or watersresidual previously treated by a system of lagoons, in whereit produces an additional reduction of bacteria. The terms “lagunas ofpulimento” or “lagunas of acabado” they have the same meaning.3,84 Facultative lagoonPool whose oxygen content varies in agreement with the depth andhour of the day.In the superior layer of a facultative lagoon a symbiosis exists betweenseaweed and bacteria in the presence of oxygen, and in the inferior layersit produces an anaerobic biodegradación.3,85 Bacterial beds of contact(Synonymous of “filtros biológicos” or percoladores “filtros).3,86 Bed of dryingTanks of depth reduced with sand and burden on you drain, destined athe mud dehydration by filtration and evaporation.3,87 Mixed LicorMixture of activated mud and liquid remainder, under ventilation in the process ofactivated muds.3,88 Activated mudConstituted mud mainly of biomass with some amount of solidsinorganic that recirculates of the bottom of the secondary sedimentador to the tank ofventilation in the treatment with activated muds.113,89 Activated mud of excessPart of the activated mud that retires of the process of treatment of watersresidual for its later disposition (Vg espesamiento, digestion ordrying).3,90 Crude mudRetired mud of the tanks of primary or secondary sedimentation, thatit requires later treatment (espesamiento or digestion).3,91 Digested mudMud mineralized through the aerobic or anaerobic digestion.3.92 Residual water handlingHarvesting work set, treatment and disposition and actions ofoperation, monitoreo, control and monitoring in relation to residual waters.3,93 Filter meansGranular material through as passes the water residual in orderpurification, treatment or preparation.3,94 Heavy metalsMetallic elements of HD (for example, mercury, chromium, cadmium,lead) generally toxic, in low concentrations to the man, plants andanimals.3,95 Mortality of the bacteriaReduction of the bacterial population normally expressed bykinetic coefficient of first order in d-1.3.96 Compound sampleCombination of alicuotas of individual samples (normally in 24 hours)whose partial volume is determined in proportion to the volume of the residual water tomoment of each sampling.3.97 Precise sampleSample taken at random to one hour determined, its use is obligatory forexamination of a parameter that normally cannot be preserved.3,98 Automatic MuestreadorEquipment that takes individual samples, at intervals predetermined.3,99 SamplingTaking of samples of predetermined volume and with the technique ofcorresponding preservation for the parameter that is going away to analyze.3,100 Intestinal nematodesParasites (Áscaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus andAncylostoma duodenale, among others) whose eggs require of a periodlatent of development before causing to infection and its infectiva dose she is minimum12(an organism). They are considered like the organisms of greaterpreoccupation in any scheme of residual water reusability.They must be used like indicating microorganisms of all the agentssedimentables pathogens, of greater to so large minor (even cystsamibianos).3,101 NutrientAny substance that to the being assimilated by organisms, promotes hisgrowth. In residual waters one normally talks about nitrogen andphosphorus, but also can be other essential elements.3,102 Works of arrivalDevices of the plant of treatment immediately after the emitter andbefore the treatment processes.3,103 Dissolved oxygenOxygen concentration solubilizado in a liquid.3.104 ParasiteProtozoario organism or nematodo that living in the human being canto cause diseases.3,105 Period of nominal retentionRelation between the volume and the efluente volume.3.106 pHLogarithm with negative sign of the ion concentration hydrogen,expressed in masses by liter.3.107 Plant of treatmentInfrastructure and processes that allow the residual water purification.3.108 Plant pilotPlant of treatment on scale, used for the determination ofkinetic constants and parameters of design of the process.3,109 Equivalent populationThe population considered when relating the load of a parameter (generallyDBO, solids in suspension) with the corresponding contribution per capita (gDBO/(hab.d) or g SS/ (hab.d)).3,110 Percentage of reductionTo see efficiency of the treatment (3.58).3,111 Pre-cureProcesses that prepare residual waters for their later treatment.